213 research outputs found
Rostral Hypothalamic Fetal Transplants Reduce Activity-Based Anorexia in Rats with Lesions Aimed at the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Simulating Nonlinear Materials under Centrifugal Forces by using Intelligent Cross-linked Simulations
Actual sophisticated development processes are conducted by the use of multiple computer-aided tools (CAx-tools
Differential reinforcement of other behavior and response suppression: the effects of the response-reinforcement interval
Three experiments were conducted comparing the effects of the relationship between the response-reinforcement interval and the reinforcement-reinforcement interval in a differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) contingency. The experiments followed an acquisition, treatment, and reacquisition sequence where rats were trained to press a lever for food, were exposed to response elimination contingencies (DRO and extinction), and finally tested for the effectiveness of their respective treatment conditions. Experiment 1 shows that the longer the response-reinforcement interval the more effective the suppressive effects of DRO. Experiment 2 shows that it is the relationship of the response-reinforcement interval to the reinforcement-reinforcement interval that is important for the effectiveness of DRO. Experiment 3 shows that the base schedule used during training can determine the durability of the treatment procedure used. Implications for the applied literature using DRO and extinction are discussed
Aplicação de procedimentos do planejamento estratĂ©gico situacional (PES) para estruturação de problemas no Ăąmbito empresarial: estudos de casos mĂșltiplos
Peculiarities of selecting the gearboxes and wheel shift coefficients in the optimization of drive gear transmissions
Đ ŃĐșĐŸŃŃŃ ĐČŃĐ·Đ»ĐŸĐČĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐŒĐŸĐŒĐ”ĐœŃŃ ĐŸĐżŃĐžĐŒŃĐ·Đ°ŃŃĐčĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐżŃĐŸĐ”ĐșŃŃĐČĐ°ĐœĐœŃ ŃŃĐłĐŸĐČĐžŃ
Đ·ŃбŃĐ°ŃŃĐžŃ
пДŃĐ”ĐŽĐ°Ń Đ·Đ°Đ»ŃĐ·ĐœĐžŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃŃŃ
ĐŸĐŒĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐșĐ»Đ°ĐŽŃ ĐČОЎŃĐ»Đ”ĐœĐŸ ĐżŃĐŸŃДЎŃŃŃ ĐŸĐ±ÒŃŃĐœŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐČĐžĐ±ĐŸŃŃ ĐșĐŸĐ”ŃŃŃŃŃĐœŃŃĐČ Đ·ĐŒŃŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃ ŃĐ”ŃŃĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœŃ Ń ĐșĐŸĐ»ŃŃ Đ·Đ° ŃĐ°Ń
ŃĐœĐŸĐș ĐČĐžĐșĐŸŃĐžŃŃĐ°ĐœĐœŃ ĐČŃĐŽĐżĐŸĐČŃĐŽĐœĐžŃ
Đ±Đ»ĐŸĐșŃĐČĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐžŃ
ĐșĐŸĐœŃŃŃŃĐČ. ĐбÒŃŃĐœŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐŸ Đ°ĐșŃŃĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃŃŃŃ ĐŽĐŸŃĐ»ŃĐŽĐ¶Đ”ĐœŃ Đ· ŃĐŸĐ·ŃĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ”ĐœĐœŃ ĐŒĐ”ŃĐŸĐŽĐžŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ забДзпДŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃ ĐŽĐ»Ń ŃĐ°ŃŃĐŸĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐŸŃŃĐžĐŒĐ°ĐœĐœŃ Đ±Đ»ĐŸĐșŃĐČĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐžŃ
ĐșĐŸĐœŃŃŃŃĐČ ĐżŃĐž ĐżŃĐŸĐ”ĐșŃŃĐČĐ°ĐœĐœŃ ŃŃĐłĐŸĐČĐžŃ
Đ·ŃбаŃŃĐžŃ
пДŃДЎаŃ. ĐŃДЎŃŃĐ°ĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœŃ ŃĐŸĐ·ŃĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ”ĐœŃ ĐŒĐ°ŃĐ”ĐŒĐ°ŃĐžŃĐœŃ Đ·Đ°Đ»Đ”Đ¶ĐœĐŸŃŃŃ, ŃĐŸ ĐżĐŸĐČâŃĐ·ŃŃŃŃ ŃŃĐșŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœŃ ĐČДлОŃĐžĐœŃ ĐŸĐ±ĐŒĐ”Đ¶ŃĐČĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐžŃ
Ń ĐșĐŸĐœŃŃĐŸĐ»ŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ
паŃĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃŃĐČ ĐżĐ”ŃĐ”ĐŽĐ°Ń Đ· ŃĐžŃĐ»Đ°ĐŒĐž Đ·ŃбŃŃĐČ Ń ĐșĐŸĐ”ŃŃŃŃŃĐœŃĐ°ĐŒĐž Đ·ĐŒŃŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃ ŃĐ”ŃŃĐ”ŃĐœŃ ŃĐ° ĐșĐŸĐ»Đ”ŃĐ°. ĐŃ
ĐČĐžĐșĐŸŃĐžŃŃĐ°ĐœĐœŃ ĐŽĐŸĐ·ĐČĐŸĐ»ŃŃ ĐŸŃŃĐžĐŒŃĐČĐ°ŃĐž ĐșĐŸĐœĐșŃĐ”ŃĐœŃ Đ±Đ»ĐŸĐșŃĐČĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃ ĐșĐŸĐœŃŃŃĐž ĐŽĐ»Ń ĐČĐžĐ±ĐŸŃŃ ĐșĐŸĐ”ŃŃŃŃŃĐœŃŃĐČ Đ·ĐŒŃŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃ ŃĐ”ŃŃĐ”ŃĐœŃ ŃĐ° ĐșĐŸĐ»Đ”ŃĐ° ĐżŃĐž ĐŸĐżŃĐžĐŒŃĐ·Đ°ŃŃĐčĐœĐŸĐŒŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐ”ĐșŃŃĐČĐ°ĐœĐœŃ ŃŃĐłĐŸĐČĐžŃ
Đ·ŃбŃĐ°ŃŃĐžŃ
пДŃĐ”ĐŽĐ°Ń Đ· ŃŃĐ·ĐœĐžĐŒĐž ĐżĐŸŃĐ°ŃĐșĐŸĐČĐžĐŒĐž паŃĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ°ĐŒĐž. ĐĐ°ĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœĐŸ ĐżŃĐžĐșлаЎ ĐżŃĐ°ĐșŃĐžŃĐœĐŸŃ ŃДалŃĐ·Đ°ŃŃŃ ŃĐŸĐ·ŃĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ
ĐŒĐ°ŃĐ”ĐŒĐ°ŃĐžŃĐœĐžŃ
Đ·Đ°Đ»Đ”Đ¶ĐœĐŸŃŃĐ”Đč ĐżŃĐž ĐŸŃŃĐžĐŒĐ°ĐœĐœŃ Đ±Đ»ĐŸĐșŃĐČĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐșĐŸĐœŃŃŃŃ ĐŽĐ»Ń ĐČĐžĐ±ĐŸŃŃ ĐșĐŸĐ”ŃŃŃŃŃĐœŃŃĐČ Đ·ĐŒŃŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃ ŃĐ”ŃŃĐ”ŃĐœŃ ŃĐ° ĐșĐŸĐ»Đ”ŃĐ° ŃŃĐłĐŸĐČĐŸŃ Đ·ŃбŃĐ°ŃŃĐŸŃ ĐżĐ”ŃДЎаŃŃ ŃŃŃĐ°ŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐŒĐ°ĐłŃŃŃŃĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐČĐ°ĐœŃĐ°Đ¶ĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ”ĐżĐ»ĐŸĐČĐŸĐ·Ń. ĐŃĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ”ĐœĐŸ ĐČĐžŃĐœĐŸĐČĐŸĐș ĐżŃĐŸ ĐŽĐŸŃŃĐ»ŃĐœŃŃŃŃ ĐČĐžĐșĐŸŃĐžŃŃĐ°ĐœĐœŃ Đ·Đ°ĐżŃĐŸĐżĐŸĐœĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐŒĐ”ŃĐŸĐŽĐžŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ забДзпДŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃ ĐżŃĐž ĐŸĐżŃĐžĐŒŃĐ·Đ°ŃŃĐčĐœĐŸĐŒŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐ”ĐșŃŃĐČĐ°ĐœĐœŃ ŃŃĐłĐŸĐČĐžŃ
Đ·ŃбŃĐ°ŃĐžŃ
пДŃДЎаŃ.As a key point in the optimization design of traction gears of the railway rolling stock, a procedure for a reasonable choice of the coefficients for the displacement of gears and wheels is provided by using the appropriate blocking circuits. The relevance of studies on the development of methodological support for the rational production of blocking contours in the design of traction-toothed gears is substantiated. The developed mathematical dependences connecting the fixed values of the limiting and controlled parameters of the gears with the numbers of the teeth and the gearing coefficients of the gears and wheels are presented. Their use makes it possible to obtain specific blocking contours for the selection of gear and wheel bias coefficients in the optimization design of traction gears with different initial parameters. An example of the practical implementation of the developed mathematical dependencies in obtaining a blocking contour for selecting the gear displacement coefficients and the traction gear wheel of a modern mainline freight locomotive is given. The conclusion is made about the expediency of using the proposed methodological support in the optimization design of traction gears
Antimicrobial Peptides and Skin: A Paradigm of Translational Medicine
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small, cationic, amphiphilic peptides with broad-spectrum microbicidal activity against both bacteria and fungi. In mammals, AMPs form the first line of host defense against infections and generally play an important role as effector agents of the innate immune system. The AMP era was born more than 6 decades ago when the first cationic cyclic peptide antibiotics, namely polymyxins and tyrothricin, found their way into clinical use. Due to the good clinical experience in the treatment of, for example, infections of mucus membranes as well as the subsequent understanding of mode of action, AMPs are now considered for treatment of inflammatory skin diseases and for improving healing of infected wounds. Based on the preclinical findings, including pathobiochemistry and molecular medicine, targeted therapy strategies are developed and first results indicate that AMPs influence processes of diseased skin. Importantly, in contrast to other antibiotics, AMPs do not seem to propagate the development of antibiotic-resistant micro-organisms. Therefore, AMPs should be tested in clinical trials for their efficacy and tolerability in inflammatory skin diseases and chronic wounds. Apart from possible fields of application, these peptides appear suited as an example of the paradigm of translational medicine for skin diseases which is today seen as a `two-way road' - from bench to bedside and backwards from bedside to bench. Copyright (c) 2012 S. Karger AG, Base
Convalescent plasma treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infected high-risk patients: a matched pair analysis to the LEOSS cohort
Characterization of a new simian immunodeficiency virus strain in a naturally infected Pan troglodytes troglodytes chimpanzee with AIDS related symptoms
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Data on the evolution of natural SIV infection in chimpanzees (SIVcpz) and on the impact of SIV on local ape populations are only available for Eastern African chimpanzee subspecies (<it>Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii</it>), and no data exist for Central chimpanzees (<it>Pan troglodytes troglodytes</it>), the natural reservoir of the ancestors of HIV-1 in humans. Here, we report a case of naturally-acquired SIVcpz infection in a <it>P.t.troglodytes </it>chimpanzee with clinical and biological data and analysis of viral evolution over the course of infection.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A male chimpanzee (Cam155), 1.5 years, was seized in southern Cameroon in November 2003 and screened SIV positive during quarantine. Clinical follow-up and biological analyses have been performed for 7 years and showed a significant decline of CD4 counts (1,380 cells/mm<sup>3 </sup>in 2004 vs 287 in 2009), a severe thrombocytopenia (130,000 cells/mm<sup>3 </sup>in 2004 vs 5,000 cells/mm<sup>3 </sup>in 2009), a weight loss of 21.8% from August 2009 to January 2010 (16 to 12.5 kg) and frequent periods of infections with diverse pathogens.</p> <p>DNA from PBMC, leftover from clinical follow-up samples collected in 2004 and 2009, was used to amplify overlapping fragments and sequence two full-length SIVcpz<it>Ptt</it>-Cam155 genomes. SIVcpz<it>Ptt</it>-Cam155 was phylogenetically related to other SIVcpz<it>Ptt </it>from Cameroon (SIVcpz<it>Ptt</it>-Cam13) and Gabon (SIVcpz<it>Ptt</it>-Gab1). Ten molecular clones 5 years apart, spanning the V1V4 gp120 <it>env </it>region (1,100 bp), were obtained. Analyses of the <it>env </it>region showed positive selection (dN-dS >0), intra-host length variation and extensive amino acid diversity between clones, greater in 2009. Over 5 years, N-glycosylation site frequency significantly increased (p < 0.0001).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Here, we describe for the first time the clinical history and viral evolution of a naturally SIV infected <it>P.t.troglodytes </it>chimpanzee. The findings show an increasing viral diversity over time and suggest clinical progression to an AIDS-like disease, showing that SIVcpz can be pathogenic in its host, as previously described in <it>P.t.schweinfurthii</it>. Although studying the impact of SIV infection in wild apes is difficult, efforts should be made to better characterize the pathogenicity of the ancestors of HIV-1 in their natural host and to find out whether SIV infection also plays a role in ape population decline.</p
Does therapeutic hypothermia during extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation preserve cardiac function?
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