Biological characteristics of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 and 5 strains using the rabbit experimental model

Bovine Herpesvirus (BoHV) can infect both rabbits and mustelids. Rabbit has been used as a laboratory model for infection with BoHV-1 and 5. The objective of this research was to study the pathogenicity of different Argentinian BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 strains by using the rabbit experimental model. New Zealand rabbits were inoculated by intranasal and intravaginal ways. The animals inoculated intranasally with strains of BoHV-5 developed neurological signs in 83% of the cases. BoHV-1.1 caused neurological signs in 57% of the animals and BoHV-1.2 did not cause clear clinical signs. BoHV-5 caused nervous signs in young animals while BoHV-1 did so occasionally in young rabbits. Animales inoculated intravaginally showed no apparent clinical signs or apparent lesions in the studied organs. The infection was demonstrated by serological seroconversion. The rabbit was appropriate to study the clinical signs and the lesions produced in the different organs, primarily in the central nervous system. The model was useful for being inexpensive and very easy to use, and it enabled to identify differences in the biological behavior of the studied BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 strains.Fil: Pidone, C.L. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Santa Fe, ArgentinaFil: Riganti, J.G. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Santa Fe, ArgentinaFil: Valera, A.R. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. La Plata, ArgentinaFil: Poli, G.L. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Santa Fe, ArgentinaFil: Ridley, A.I. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Santa Fe, ArgentinaFil: Fuentealba, N.A. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. La Plata, ArgentinaFil: Fuentealba, N.A. CONICET. Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT). La Plata, ArgentinaFil: Anthony, L.M. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Santa Fe, ArgentinaFil: Brion, C. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Santa Fe, ArgentinaFil: Pereyra, N.B. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Santa Fe, ArgentinaFil: Galosi, C.M. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. La Plata, ArgentinaFil: Galosi, C.M. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas (CIC). La Plata, ArgentinaLos Herpesvirus bovinos (BoHV) pueden infectar tanto a mustélidos como a conejos y esta última especie ha sido utilizada como modelo de laboratorio para la infección por BoHV-1 y 5. El objetivode este trabajo fue estudiar la patogenicidad de diferentes cepas argentinas de BoHV-1 y BoHV-5 utilizando el modelo experimental conejo. Se utilizaron conejos de raza neozelandesa que se inocularon por vía intranasal e intravaginal. Los animales inoculados por vía intranasal con cepas de BoHV-5 desarrollaron signos nerviosos en el 83% de los casos, mientras que BoHV-1.1 causó signos nerviosos en el 57% de los animales y BoHV-1.2 no provocó signos clínicos evidentes. El BoHV-5 causó síntomas nerviosos solo en los animales jóvenes mientras que BoHV-1 solo lo hizo ocasionalmente y también en individuos jóvenes. Los conejos inoculados por vía intravaginal no mostraron signos clínicos ni lesiones aparentes en los órganos estudiados; la infección se demostró por seroconversión serológica. El conejo resultó adecuado para estudiar la sintomatología y las lesiones producidas en los distintos órganos, fundamentalmente en el sistema nervioso central. El modelo resultó de utilidad por ser económico, de muy fácil manejo y permitió reconocer diferencias en el comportamiento biológico de las cepas de BoHV-1 y BoHV-5 estudiadas

Both the stroma and thylakoid lumen of tobacco chloroplasts are competent for the formation of disulphide bonds in recombinant proteins

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The evolution of repeated mating under sexual conflict

In insects, repeated mating by females may have direct effects on female fecundity, fertility, and longevity. In addition, a female's remating rate affects her fitness through mortality costs of male harassment and ecological risks of mating such as predation. We analyse a model where these female fitness factors are put into their life-history context, and traded against each other, while accounting for limitations because of mate availability. We solve analytically for the condition when female multiple mating will evolve. We show that the probability that a female mates with a courting male decreases with increases in population density. The extent of conflict between the sexes thus automatically becomes larger at higher densities. However, because at higher densities females meet males at a higher rate, the resulting ESS female remating rate is independent of population density. The female remating probability is in conflict with male adaptations that increase male mating rate by persuading or forcing females to mate, and also in conflict with male adaptations for protecting the own sperm from being removed by future female mates. We show that the relative importance of these conflicts depends on population density