A Nonparametric, Multiple Imputation-Based Method for the Retrospective Integration of Data Sets

<div><p>Complex research questions often cannot be addressed adequately with a single data set. One sensible alternative to the high cost and effort associated with the creation of large new data sets is to combine existing data sets containing variables related to the constructs of interest. The goal of the present research was to develop a flexible, broadly applicable approach to the integration of disparate data sets that is based on nonparametric multiple imputation and the collection of data from a convenient, de novo calibration sample. We demonstrate proof of concept for the approach by integrating three existing data sets containing items related to the extent of problematic alcohol use and associations with deviant peers. We discuss both necessary conditions for the approach to work well and potential strengths and weaknesses of the method compared to other data set integration approaches.</p></div

The interaction of extraversion and fear of negative evaluation on perceived social skillfulness.

<p>Plotted at 1 standard deviation +/- the mean for extraversion. Introverts higher in fear of negative evaluation were rated as more socially skillful by their interaction partners than introverts lower in fear of negative evaluation. Fear of negative evaluation did not predict differences in social skillfulness for extraverts.</p

Conceptual diagram of research questions and the underlying hypotheses tested.

<p>Conceptual diagram of research questions and the underlying hypotheses tested.</p

The relationship between (1) extraversion and baseline positive affect and (2) extraversion and what participants predicted their positive affect would be after socializing.

<p>The gray zone shows the region in which anticipated positive affect is significantly different from pre-positive affect. Participants who are more introverted (< 3.53, 55% of sample; <i>M</i> = 3.51 for population) expected to experience a decrease in positive affect after socializing with others. Those who are more extraverted did not predict a significant change in positive affect.</p

Main findings for each hypothesis.

<p>Main findings for each hypothesis.</p

Means (<i>standard deviations</i>) and intercorrelation matrix of measured variables.

<p>Means (<i>standard deviations</i>) and intercorrelation matrix of measured variables.</p