Cultural significance of accounts -- The philosophy of D.R. Scott

D.R. Scott was an economist, historian, philosopher, and accountant. Most of all he was a scholar who merged some of the most up-to-date ideas of the 1920s into his book The Cultural Significance of Accounts. He concluded that our culture was in a time of relative turmoil because the market was no longer the primary controlling force within our institutions. Accounting as the vehicle of the scientific method would replace the market as the synthesis of institutions which make up our culture

Supply of accounting graduates and the demand for public accounting recruits, 1995, for academic year 1993-94

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Extranets and XML: The Next Internal Control Challenge

The purpose of this article is to describe the shift of business-to-business trading from Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) to extranets and to discuss some of the internal con-trol challenges created by extranets and the eXtensible Markup Language (XML). This technology raises internal control issues because extranets use the World Wide Web to communicate and because XML is such a powerful and flexible programming language

Emerging ISO 14000 environmental standards: a step‐by‐step implementation guide

Recently, a number of environmental laws and regulations have been enacted to hold organizations more accountable for their environmental responsibilities. The International Standards Organization (ISO), issued ISO 14000 environmental standards to assist entities worldwide in managing their environmental requirements and to ensure that their environmental policies and practices conform to their missions and goals. ISO 14000 environmental standards are divided into six categories: (1) environmental management systems; (2) environmental auditing; (3) environmental performance evaluation; (4) environmental labeling; (5) life-cycle assessment; and (6) environmental aspects in product standards. These standards assist entities in preparing step-by-step implementation plans to adopt an adequate and effective environmental management system, conduct proper environmental audits, and successfully become registered to ISO 14001. This article presents a 15-step process which accountantsshould suggest to their organizations to achieve ISO 14001 certification. © 2000, MCB UP Limite

Emerging ISO 14000 environmental standards: a step-by-step implementation guide

Recently, a number of environmental laws and regulations have been enacted to hold organizations more accountable for their environmental responsibilities. The International Standards Organization (ISO), issued ISO 14000 environmental standards to assist entities worldwide in managing their environmental requirements and to ensure that their environmental policies and practices conform to their missions and goals. ISO 14000 environmental standards are divided into six categories: (1) environmental management systems; (2) environmental auditing; (3) environmental performance evaluation; (4) environmental labeling; (5) life-cycle assessment; and (6) environmental aspects in product standards. These standards assist entities in preparing step-by-step implementation plans to adopt an adequate and effective environmental management system, conduct proper environmental audits, and successfully become registered to ISO 14001. This article presents a 15-step process which accountantsshould suggest to their organizations to achieve ISO 14001 certification. © 2000, MCB UP Limite

Continuous auditing: The audit of the future

Technological advances (e.g. e-commerce and the Internet) have changed business practices and the process of recording and storing business transactions. Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) will soon be built into accounting and reporting software which would allow on-line real-time preparation, publication, examination, and extraction of financial information. Thus, outside, independent auditors should use continuous, electronic auditing when most financial information exists only in electronic form under real-time accounting systems. Continuous auditing and its implications for independent auditors, including internal control considerations and audit procedures, are described and analyzed. © 2001, MCB UP Limite

Electronic-Commerce Education: Insights from Academicians and Practitioners

The e-commerce marketplace is creating tremendous career opportunities, and business schools and accounting programs nationwide are redesigning their curriculum to provide adequate e-commerce education for accounting/business students. This study gathers opinions of both academicians (accounting faculty) and practitioners (practicing CPAs) regarding the importance, relevance, and delivery of e-commerce education. Results reveal that (1) the demand for and interest in e-commerce education is expected to increase; (2) more universities are planning to provide e-commerce education; and (3) the majority of the 36 suggested e-commerce topics should be offered or required for accounting majors in one or a combination of ways: (1) required core curriculum, (2) optional specialized courses, and/or (3) e-commerce degree programs. Only minor differences of opinion were found regarding which of 36 e-commerce topics should be covered in e-commerce education. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Continuous auditing: Building automated auditing capability

The digital economy has significantly altered the way business is conducted and financial information is communicated. A rapidly growing number of organizations are conducting business and publishing business and financial reports online and in real-time. Real-time financial reporting is likely to necessitate continuous auditing to provide continuous assurance about the quality and credibility of the information presented. The audit process has, by necessity, evolved from a conventional manual audit to computer-based auditing and is now confronted with creating continuous electronic audits. Rapidly emerging information technology and demands for more timely communication of information to business stakeholders requires auditors to invent new ways to continuously monitor, gather, and analyze audit evidence. Continuous auditing is defined here as a comprehensive electronic audit process that enables auditors to provide some degree of assurance on continuous information simultaneously with, or shortly after, the disclosure of the information. This paper is based on a review of related literature, innovative continuous auditing applications, and the experiences of the authors. An approach for building continuous audit capacity is presented and audit data warehouses and data marts are described. Ever improving technology suggests that the real-time exchange of sensitive financial data will place constant pressure on auditors to update audit techniques. Most of the new techniques that will be required will involve creation of new software and audit models. Future research should focus on how continuous auditing could be constantly improved in various auditing domains including assurance, attestation, and audit services