13 research outputs found
Optical Light Curves of Supernovae
Photometry is the most easily acquired information about supernovae. The
light curves constructed from regular imaging provide signatures not only for
the energy input, the radiation escape, the local environment and the
progenitor stars, but also for the intervening dust. They are the main tool for
the use of supernovae as distance indicators through the determination of the
luminosity. The light curve of SN 1987A still is the richest and longest
observed example for a core-collapse supernova. Despite the peculiar nature of
this object, as explosion of a blue supergiant, it displayed all the
characteristics of Type II supernovae. The light curves of Type Ib/c supernovae
are more homogeneous, but still display the signatures of explosions in massive
stars, among them early interaction with their circumstellar material. Wrinkles
in the near-uniform appearance of thermonuclear (Type Ia) supernovae have
emerged during the past decade. Subtle differences have been observed
especially at near-infrared wavelengths. Interestingly, the light curve shapes
appear to correlate with a variety of other characteristics of these
supernovae. The construction of bolometric light curves provides the most
direct link to theoretical predictions and can yield sorely needed constraints
for the models. First steps in this direction have been already made.Comment: To be published in:"Supernovae and Gamma Ray Bursters", Lecture Notes
in Physics (http://link.springer.de/series/lnpp
Building consensus in strategic decision-making : system dynamics as a group support system
Contains fulltext :
28724.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)System dynamics was originally founded as a method for modeling and simulating the behavior of industrial systems. In recent years it is increasingly employed as a Group Support System for strategic decision-making groups. The model is constructed in direct interaction with a management team, and the procedure is generally referred to as group model-building. The model can be conceptual (qualitative) or a full-blown (quantitative) computer simulation model. In this article, a case is described in which a qualitative system dynamics model was built to support strategic decision making in a Dutch government agency.
Since people from different departments held strongly opposite viewpoints on the strategy, the agency had discussed its strategic problem for more than a year, but was obviously not able to reach consensus. The application of group model-building was successful in integrating opposite points of view, as well as in fostering consensus and creating commitment.
The purpose of the article is twofold: first, to illustrate the process of group model-building with system dynamics; second, to evaluate why it was successful. Evaluation results reveal the importance of both systemic thinking through model-building and the role of the facilitator in catalyzing the strategic decision-making process
Smoking cessation at the workplace. Results of a randomised controlled intervention study
OBJECTIVESâTo compare the effects of a worksite intervention by the occupational physician offering simple advice of smoking cessation with a more active strategy of advice including a "quit date" and extra support.âšPOPULATIONâEmployees of an electrical and gas company seen at the annual visit by their occupational physicians.âšCRITERIA END POINTSâSmoking point prevalence defined as the percentage of smokers who were non-smokers at one year. Secondary criteria were the percentage of smokers who stopped smoking for more than six months and the difference in prevalence of smoking in both groups.âšMETHODSâRandomised controlled trial. The unit of randomisation was the work site physician and a random sample of the employees of whom he or she was in charge. The length of the follow up was one year. Each of 30Â work site physicians included in the study 100Â to 150(Â )employees.âšRESULTSâAmong 504Â subjects classified as smokers at baseline receiving simple advice (group A) and 591Â the more active programme (group B), 68Â (13.5%) in group A and 109Â (18.4%) were non-smokers one year later (p=0.03; p=0.01 taking the occupational physician as the statistical unit and using a non-parametric test). Twenty three subjects (4.6%) in group A and 36Â (6.1%) in group B (p=0.26) declared abstinence of six months or more. Among non-smokers at baseline, 3.4% in both groups were smokers after one year follow up. The prevalence of smokers did not differ significantly at baseline (32.9% and 32.4%, p=0.75). After the intervention the prevalence of smoking was 30.8% in group A and 28.7% in group B (p=0.19). An increase of the mean symptoms score for depression in those who quit was observed during this period.âšCONCLUSIONSâA simple cessation intervention strategy during a mandatory annual examination, targeting a population of smokers independently of their motivation to stop smoking or their health status, showed a 36% relative increase of the proportion of smokers who quit smoking as compared with what can be achieved through simple advice.âšâšâšKeywords: tobacco smoking; smoking cessation; randomised controlled trial; work sit