Negotiating rights: the Guatemalan peace process

The signing of peace agreements in 1996 ended 36 years of civil war between the Guatemalan government and the Marxist rebel army, Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unit. The peace process went beyond an arrangement between armed groups, allowing regional and civic actors to advance their concerns on issues of social justice, political power-sharing and the rule of law. Accord issue 2 analyses the degree to which deep-seated historical grievances about unfair land distribution, the marginalisation of indigenous people, tight controls on political organisation and unacceptable state violence became marginalised during the process, and the remaining challenges in consolidating the peace agreement. Written by local and international authors, the publication also includes a timeline of the peace process, the full peace accord texts and profiles of the main people and institutions involved

Culture and Rights: Anthropological Perspectives

Do people everywhere have the same, or even compatible, ideas about multiculturalism, indigenous rights or women's rights? The authors of this book move beyond the traditional terms of the universalism-versus-cultural relativism debate. Through detailed case studies from around the world (Hawai'i, France, Thailand, Botswana, Greece, Nepal and Canada) they explore the concrete effects of rights talk and rights institutions on people's lives

Proteomic Insight into Functional Changes of Proteorhodopsin-Containing Bacterial Species <i>Psychroflexus torquis</i> under Different Illumination and Salinity Levels

The extremely psychrophilic proteorhodopsin-containing bacterial species <i>Psychroflexus torquis</i> is considered to be a model sea-ice microorganism, which has adapted to an epiphytic lifestyle. So far, not much is known about proteorhodopsin-based phototrophy and associated life strategies of sea ice bacteria, although it has been previously shown that <i>P. torquis</i> can gain growth advantage from light using a proteorhodopsin proton pump, the activity of which is influenced by environmental salinity. The comprehensive quantitative proteomic study performed here indicated that <i>P. torquis</i> responds to changing salinity and illumination conditions. Proteins in the electron-transfer chain were down-regulated at a suboptimal salinity level, TonB-dependent transporters increased in abundance under supra-optimal salinity and decreased under suboptimal salinity. In addition, several anaplerotic CO₂ fixation proteins and three putative light sensing proteins that contain PAS and GAF domains became more abundant under illumination. Furthermore, central metabolic pathways (TCA and glycolysis) were also induced by both salinity stress and illumination. The data suggest that <i>P. torquis</i> responded to changes in both light energy and salinity to modulate membrane and central metabolic proteins that are involved in energy production as well as nutrient uptake and gliding motility processes that would be especially advantageous during the polar summer ice algal bloom

Proteomic Insight into Functional Changes of Proteorhodopsin-Containing Bacterial Species <i>Psychroflexus torquis</i> under Different Illumination and Salinity Levels

The extremely psychrophilic proteorhodopsin-containing bacterial species <i>Psychroflexus torquis</i> is considered to be a model sea-ice microorganism, which has adapted to an epiphytic lifestyle. So far, not much is known about proteorhodopsin-based phototrophy and associated life strategies of sea ice bacteria, although it has been previously shown that <i>P. torquis</i> can gain growth advantage from light using a proteorhodopsin proton pump, the activity of which is influenced by environmental salinity. The comprehensive quantitative proteomic study performed here indicated that <i>P. torquis</i> responds to changing salinity and illumination conditions. Proteins in the electron-transfer chain were down-regulated at a suboptimal salinity level, TonB-dependent transporters increased in abundance under supra-optimal salinity and decreased under suboptimal salinity. In addition, several anaplerotic CO₂ fixation proteins and three putative light sensing proteins that contain PAS and GAF domains became more abundant under illumination. Furthermore, central metabolic pathways (TCA and glycolysis) were also induced by both salinity stress and illumination. The data suggest that <i>P. torquis</i> responded to changes in both light energy and salinity to modulate membrane and central metabolic proteins that are involved in energy production as well as nutrient uptake and gliding motility processes that would be especially advantageous during the polar summer ice algal bloom

Additional file 3: of Liver proteome response of pre-harvest Atlantic salmon following exposure to elevated temperature

Total number of quantifiable proteins. Proteins identified on the basis of two or more unique matching peptide sequences and presence in at least six of the nine biological replicates in either treatment group (XLSX 160 kb

Additional file 4: of Liver proteome response of pre-harvest Atlantic salmon following exposure to elevated temperature

Full list of canonical pathways as determined by temperature-regulated proteins and predicted by IPA analysis. The significance of the association between the data set and the pathway is based on the p-value, which determines the probability that the association between the data set genes and the pathway is explained only by chance, and on the ratio value, representing the number of genes from the data found in each pathway over the total number of genes in that pathway. (XLSX 56 kb

Additional file 2: of Liver proteome response of pre-harvest Atlantic salmon following exposure to elevated temperature

MaxQuant output files of the complete protein-level mass spectrometry. A total of nine biological replicates (fish) per temperature treatment were analysed. (XLSX 2354 kb

Additional file 5: of Liver proteome response of pre-harvest Atlantic salmon following exposure to elevated temperature

Components of the top five toxicity pathways as determined by temperature-regulated proteins and predicted by IPA analysis. Exp fold change and Exp p-value correspond with the fold change value and the adjusted p-value (using Benjamini Hochberg correction), respectively, reported in Additional file 3. (XLSX 52 kb

Additional file 1: of Liver proteome response of pre-harvest Atlantic salmon following exposure to elevated temperature

MaxQuant output files of the complete peptide-level mass spectrometry. A total of nine biological replicates (fish) per temperature treatment were analysed. (XLSX 5578 kb

Differences in protein abundance between FO and TOFX livers.

<p>Volcano plot displaying differences of the pairwise comparison. Proteins found to be significantly (adjusted p < 0.1; p < 0.05) different between treatments are plotted in red and described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0161513#pone.0161513.t007" target="_blank">Table 7</a>. Larger black circles represent those proteins significantly different at a lower stringent threshold (adjusted p < 0.3; p < 0.05).</p