Library influence on museum information work

Contemporary literature on the divergence of libraries, archives, and museums over the course of the twentieth century credits the rise of distinct professional practices required to handle different physical forms. This paper explores the extent that librarianship influenced museum information practices in a predigital era. Instead of divergence, I find examples where museums adapted library methods to fit their needs instead of developing their own set of professional practices. Because museum professionalization placed an emphasis on discipline-based university training, information work in museums has been incorporated into nonuniversity technical education and on-the-job training programs. That this divergence of information work from academic preparation has fallen along gender lines requires additional attention.published or submitted for publicationOpe

The Psammon of Bars and Beaches in Two Small Northwestern Minnesota Streams

Sand bars and beaches of the Mississippi (MR) and Wild Rice (WRR) Rivers, Minnesota, were sampled to allow determination of sand texture, capillarity, pore space, organic content, temperature, chemistry (pH, Og, CO3 and HCO3 alkalinity, total hardness, Ca, Mg, PO^, NH3-N, and NO2-N) of interstitial, water, and composition and concentration of psammo-organ!sms, all in relation to current influences, distance above and below waterline, and depth into the sand. Minimum and maximum values for capillary rise were 36-80 mm in the MR and 118-191 mm in the WRR; organic content was 21?,4 mg/lOcc sand for the MR and 377.1 mg/lOcc sand for the WRR; and pore space comprised 22- 25$, and 35-37% of the total sand volume for the MR and WRR, respectively. Submerged sand was frequently moved by stream currents. Oxygen was absent from water 6-9 cm deep in exposed sand of both streams and in submerged sand of the WRR, but occasionally occurred in submerged sand in the MR (maximum 4.4mgl); pH decreased progressively from stream to submerged to exposed sand (exemplified as follows for the MR, 8.25, 7.15, and 6.95, respectively; and for the WRR by 7*6, 6.7, and 6.4, respectively) as decomposition became mere localized. Carbonate alkalinity was not observed in interstitial water of either river. Bicarbonate alkalinity (range 114-252 mgl for the MR and 3 58-552 mgl for the WRR), total hardness (142-274 mgl MR and 189-693 mgl WRR), calcium (54-199 mgl MR and 99-395 mgl WRR), and magnesium (46-132 mgl MR and 24-287 mgl WRR) increased in the same order as pH, seemingly because of ground water seepage, decomposition, and evaporation. Ammonia-nitrogen (0.0-5.0 mgl) and ortho-phosphate (0.0-5.84 mgl) were contributed to the psammon of the WRR by local surface drainage. Lower levels (0.0-2.0 mgl and 0.0-2.6 mgl, respectively) occurred in MR sand. Composition and concentration of psammo-organisms were related to distance above and below waterline and to depth in the sand. Three hundred twenty-six (326) kinds of organisms were found in 700 samples. Potamopsammon organisms in descending numerical order were: diatoms (maximum number 2,181,824/cc sand MR and 441,4?0/cc sand WRR), blue- green algae (62,038 MR, 210,624 WRR), green algae (19,757 MR, 4,186 WRR), testaceous rhizopods (4,408 MR, 1,152 WRR), euglenophytes (2,480 MR, 2,160 WRR), rotifers (452 MR, 32 WRR), nematodes (216 MR, 184 WRR), tardigrades (188 MR, 8 WRR), dinoflagellates (112 MR, 0 WRR), oli- gochaetes (76 MR, 12 WRR), gastrotrichs (72 MR, 0 WRR), ciliates (56 MR, 4 WRR), dipteran larvae (56 MR, 30 WRR), ostracods (40 MR, 16 WRR), and hydrachnid larvae (40 MR, 0 WRR), Potamopsammon organisms were most numerous in stable submerged sand. They were next most abundant in exposed sand within 70 cm of the waterline, newly formed sand bars under water, eroded portions of submerged sand, exposed sand 70+ cm above the waterline, and at the waterline, in that order. The major portion of the population was usually located in the upper two centimeter\u27s of stable sand, but organisms penetrated to a depth of six centimeters. Concentration at any point or depth in submerged sand was subject to depletion or augmentation by current action. Organisms were most numerous at a depth of three or more centimeters in newly- formed submerged bars, partly from burial of established surface sand populations, and partly from loss of organisms from newly deposited sand. Potamopsamnion as exemplified by these study areas differs from lake psammon in the following respects: oxygen was absent in the interstitial water of exposed sand, a black layer was absent from the sand, fewer species of rotifers were present, harpactacoid copepods were absent, a more diverse blue-green algal flora, was noted, algae were found in greater abundance, and organisms were found to exist at greater depths in potamopsammon than in lake psammon

Stand density and carbohydrate reserve trends in two varies of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) subjected to several cutting management regimes

The effects of four cutting schedules on persistence of the plants and concentration of carbohydrates in the roots of two varieties of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were studied at Knoxville, Tennessee« The two varieties studied were Kenland, a recommended variety in Tennessee, and Kentucky Synthetic A-2, an experimental variety developed at the University of Kentucky. Each variety was subjected to cutting frequencies of two, three, four and six times per year. Stand esti-mates were made and samples were taken for carbohydrate analysis at selected intervals during the first year after the seedling winter. Kentucky Synthetic A-2 maintained a greater stand density than Kenland at the termination of the study. At that time there was no significant difference in stand density among cutting treatments within a variety. Stand density of the Kentucky Synthetic A-2 was two to three times greater than was that of the Kenland. Carbohydrate reserve trends revealed a significantly higher percentage of total nonstructural carbohydrates in the roots of Kentucky Synthetic A-2 than in those of Kenland on three of the seven sampling dates. Yearly trends for all treatments included a slight increase in percentage from June to September, a sharp increase during the late fall months, and a decrease in total nonstructural carbohydrates from a November or December peak into spring. Correlation coefficients for the relationship between the percent-age of total nonstructural carbohydrates on a given date and the stand density for the same treatment on some later date did not reveal any significant relationship. The correlation coefficient for September carbohydrates with the September to October stand reduction was positive and significant at the .05 level of probability

Changes in Cortical Connectivity and Gene Expression of the Rostral Forelimb Area After Ischemic Infarct in Motor Cortex in the Rat

Stroke is a large and growing problem in the United States. There are 795,000 incidences each year, and most are new incidences. Survivors are left with lasting functional deficits, and therefore stroke is one of the leading causes of adult disability in humans. Some function is regained that was lost to stroke, and this recovery is correlated to physiological reorganization. That is to say, after stroke the brain functions differently. The physiological reorganization may be based on anatomical reorganization. If this is true, the brain acts differently, because it is wired differently after stroke. The anatomical reorganization may be based on expression differences; thus, leading to the conclusion that the brain is wired differently because genes were expressed in different ways after the stroke. The series of studies within this dissertation lead the reader down this train of thought and show evidence for it by using adult rats in a model of ischemic injury to the cortex, and compare the connectivity and gene expression patterns of lesioned brains to non-lesioned brains