Summary of results for the top-ranked SNP (ranked by <i>p_p</i>) in each gene in European-ancestry samples for the major subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SNP: odds ratio for additive model).

<p>All analyses are done against 547 European-ancestry controls.</p><p>*: <i>p_p</i><0.05,</p>∧<p>: <i>p_f</i><0.05. All p-values and number of samples in each category are listed in <b><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031560#pone.0031560.s006" target="_blank">Table S6</a></b>.</p><p>DLBCL: Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, FL: Follicular Lymphoma, MZ/MALT: Marginal Zone lymphoma/Mucosa-Associated Lymphoma Tissue lymphoma, MCL: Mantle Cell lymphoma.</p

Candidate genes.

<p>*No SNPs were reported in HapMap.</p>1<p>Genes with ratio >2 are marked in bold and only had upstream regions re-sequenced.</p>2<p>Novel SNPs defined as not present in dbSNP build 127.</p

Characteristics of samples used in genetic association analysis.

<p>DLBCL = Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, FL = Follicular Lymphoma, MZ/MALT = Marginal Zone lymphoma/Mucosa-Associated Lymphoma Tissue lymphoma, MCL = Mantle Cell lymphoma, SLL = Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, LPL = Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma, Misc. B-cell = Miscellaneous B-cell lymphoma, MF = Mycosis Fungoides, PTCL = Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Misc. T-cell = Miscellaneous T-cell lymphoma.</p

Association results and linkage disequilibrium in <i>MSH3</i>.

<p><i>r</i>² values for our genotyped samples are shown in the top section (“<i>r²</i> values in NHL data”) and <i>r</i>² from the CEU population of HapMap are shown in the bottom section (“<i>r²</i> values in HapMap CEU data”). The gene model of <i>MSH3</i> is shown on top, 5′ to 3′ from left to right, with vertical lines marking exons. <i>p</i>-values (before correction for multiple testing) are from the analysis in DLBCL samples of European ancestry.</p

Logistic regression analysis results for SNPs with <i>p_G</i><0.05.

*<p>Coordinates obtained from Ensembl 64.</p

Genes and categories.

<p>Genes and categories.</p

A role for pectin in the control of cell expansion

Uptake of nutrients and water depends on the growth of roots through elongation of individual cells near the. root tip. Many of the numerous components of Type I primary cell walls, those of dicotyledons and monocotyledons other than grasses (Poaceae), have been determined, and many hypotheses have been proposed for the control of cell expansion. This important aspect of plant growth still needs elucidation, however. A model is proposed in which pectin, which occurs as a calcium (Ca) pectate gel between the load-bearing cellulose microfibrils and xyloglucan (XG) chains, controls the rate at which cells expand. It is considered that the increasing tension generated by the expanding cell is transmitted to interlocked XG chains and cellulose microfibrils. The resulting deformation of the embedded Ca pectate gel elicits the excretion of protons from the cytoplasm, possibly via compounds such as cell wall-associated kinases, that weakens the Ca pectate gel, permitting slippage of XG molecules through the action of expansin. Further slippage is prevented by deformation of the pectic gel, proton diffusion, and the transfer of residual tension to adjacent XG chains. Evidence for this model is based on the effects of pH, Ca, and aluminum (Al) on root elongation and on the reactions of these cations with Ca pectate. This model allows for genetic selection of plants and adaptation of individual plants to root environmental conditions

Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between MC1R variants and prognostic histopathological tumor characteristics among first incident cases of invasive melanoma in the GEM Study, stratified by phenotype.

<p>Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between MC1R variants and prognostic histopathological tumor characteristics among first incident cases of invasive melanoma in the GEM Study, stratified by phenotype.</p

Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between MC1R variants and histopathological tumor characteristics among first incident cases of invasive melanoma in the GEM Study.

<p>Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between MC1R variants and histopathological tumor characteristics among first incident cases of invasive melanoma in the GEM Study.</p

Forest plots for association of rs2509049 with DLBCL, FL and all B-cell lymphomas.

<p>Squares indicate the ORs, with the sizes proportional to the weight of the study in the meta-analysis. Summary ORs with and without the inclusion of the BC population are indicated in bold and designated with a diamond extending the width of the CI. All p values are from a fixed effects model except those indicated with an asterisk (*) which are from a random effects model. <i>Q</i> values for analyses including the BC dataset for DLBCL, FL and All B cell groups are <i>Q</i>=0.876, <i>Q</i>=0.053 and <i>Q</i>=0.161 for combined sexes, and <i>Q</i>=0.344, <i>Q</i>=0.045 and <i>Q</i>=0.002 for females only, respectively. Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; FL, follicular lymphoma; all B-cell, all B-cell lymphomas; SCALE, Scandinavian Lymphoma Etiology; SF, San Francisco; BC, British Columbia; NCI-SEER, National Cancer Institute - Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results; NSW, New South Wales. Figure created with rmeta version 2.16.</p