Chemical Vapour Deposition of Amorphous Ru(P) Thin Films from Ru Trialkylphosphite Hydride Complexes

The ruthenium phosphite hydride complexes H2Ru(P(OR)(3))(4) (R = Me (1), Et (2), Pr-i (3)) were used as CVD precursors for the deposition of films of amorphous ruthenium-phosphorus alloys. The as-deposited films were X-ray amorphous and XPS analysis revealed that they were predominantly comprised of Ru and P in zero oxidation states. XPS analysis also showed the presence of small amounts of oxidized ruthenium and phosphorus. The composition of the films was found to depend on ligand chemistry as well as the deposition conditions. The use of H-2 as the carrier gas had the effect of increasing the relative concentrations of P and O for all films. Annealing films to 700 degrees C under vacuum produced films of polycrystalline hcp Ru while a flowing stream of H-2 resulted in polycrystalline hcp RuP.Welch Foundation F-816Petroleum Research FundAmerican Chemical Society 47014-ACSNSF 0741973Chemistr

Evidence for a glycolate transporter in the envelope of pea chloroplasts

AbstractGlycolate excretion by chloroplasts is essential to the process of photorespiration. Previous transport studies on intact chloroplasts have failed to find evidence for carrier-mediated transport of glycolate. The rate of glycolate uptake, when measured by a rapid silicone oil centrifugation method, saturates at high glycolate concentrations. This rapid glycolate uptake is inhibited by pretreatment of the chloroplasts with N-ethylmaleimide, an inhibition prevented by glycolate. Glyoxylate and glycerate inhibit glycolate uptake when present in the assay medium. These results suggest the existence of a glycolate transporter in the chloroplast envelope

Pharmacogenetics of ophthalmic topical β-blockers

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. The primary glaucoma risk factor is elevated intraocular pressure. Topical β-blockers are affordable and widely used to lower intraocular pressure. Genetic variability has been postulated to contribute to interpersonal differences in efficacy and safety of topical β-blockers. This review summarizes clinically significant polymorphisms that have been identified in the β-adrenergic receptors (ADRB1, ADRB2 and ADRB3). The implications of polymorphisms in CYP2D6 are also discussed. Although the candidate-gene approach has facilitated significant progress in our understanding of the genetic basis of glaucoma treatment response, most drug responses involve a large number of genes, each containing multiple polymorphisms. Genome-wide association studies may yield a more comprehensive set of polymorphisms associated with glaucoma outcomes. An understanding of the genetic mechanisms associated with variability in individual responses to topical β-blockers may advance individualized treatment at a lower cost

Combining Barley and Oats for Growing-Finishing Gilts

Northcentral South Dakota is an area in which corn is not produced in sufficient quantity for livestock feed needs. Since barley and oats are also produced in the area, both are used singly or in combination for swine production. Work at the Northcentral Substation, Eureka, has demonstrated that properly supplemented all- barley rations support rapid growth and efficient gains for swine. Because of interest in the area in using oats also for swine rations this trial was designed to compare barley alone with combinations of barley and oats

Feeding Stalls for Brood Sows

How to assure that each sow gets her fair share of feed and how to control the boss sows are management problems facing the producer who is limit feeding groups of sows in order to get maximum litter size and minimum gestation feed costs. Feeding stalls have proven very effective in achieving both of these objectives. There are several types of commercial stalls on the market as well as several good designs for homemade feeding stalls. The type used South Dakota State University has drawn considerable interest by producers and many have asked for material lists and costs. These stalls are probably no better than many others but have been effective in minimizing limit feeding problems