The Relation Between the Energy of a Hydrogen Bond and the Frequencies of the O[Single Bond]H Bands

It has previously been pointed out (1) that there appears to be a relation between the energy of a hydrogen bond and the shift of the frequency of the O-H bands which accompanies the formation of the bond. Recently additional data have been obtained in this laboratory (2,3) which confirm the existence of this useful relation and it seems worth while to discuss them in this connection. The data here presented all relate to linkages in which a hydroxyl hydrogen is concerned, though the atom to which it is weakly bound may be oxygen, chlorine, or carbon in an aromatic ring. It is surprising that the same connection between energy and frequency shift should be found in these various cases but such appears to be the fact. For other types of bond, for example those involving the hydrogen of an amino group, a slightly different relation may well be expected

Comparative Law as a Bridge Between the Nation-State and the Global Economy: An Essay for Herbert Bernstein

Professor Richard M. Buxbaum delivered the Fourth Annual Herbert L. Bernstein Memorial Lecture in Comparative Law in 2005 and this article is based on his remarks. The article is included in the inaugural volume of CICLOPs that collects the first six Bernstein lectures. In this paper, Richard Buxbaum is primarily concerned with the potential of comparative law as a method to bridge the disparities between the laws of nation-states and the needs of the globalized economy. Buxbaum investigates three separate roles for comparative law in closing this gap: First, he discusses the potential uses of comparative law with regard to the current primacy of national law over the increasingly transnational economic order. Second, he looks into the concern surrounding the growing need for national economic laws to move up a step; here, Buxbaum pays special attention to the problems and benefits created by federalism within both the American and the European systems. Thirdly, and finally, he tackles the elusiveness of what he calls “the slippery issue of ‘economic law’”. In dealing with each of these strands of thought, Buxbaum focuses predominantly on the European Union system and how comparative law can aid in its struggle not only to unify law, but also in efforts to coordinate law between national, sovereign entities. Due to the high degree of difference in the centralization of authority in the American system over the European Union, Buxbaum is able to cast into high relief the need for comparative law within Europe in the absence of a strong legislative body. Buxbaum uses comparative law to bridge the importance of national law in a transnational order with the challenges of achieving a unified economic law between nations, despite the inherent tension between the two concepts

Object-oriented Tools for Distributed Computing

Distributed computing systems are proliferating, owing to the availability of powerful, affordable microcomputers and inexpensive communication networks. A critical problem in developing such systems is getting application programs to interact with one another across a computer network. Remote interprogram connectivity is particularly challenging across heterogeneous environments, where applications run on different kinds of computers and operating systems. NetWorks! (trademark) is an innovative software product that provides an object-oriented messaging solution to these problems. This paper describes the design and functionality of NetWorks! and illustrates how it is being used to build complex distributed applications for NASA and in the commercial sector

Recent issues in hadron spectroscopy

A brief survey is presented of recently discovered hadrons, some of them presumably demonstrating a new kind of internal structure. This includes : spin-singlet quarkonium, mesons with unexpected mass or width, baryons with two heavy quarks, and pentaquark candidates. Flavour configurations with a combination of light and heavy quarks appear as particularly promising.Comment: Based on an invited talk at the session on Subnucleon degrees of freedo

Lampropeltis calligaster

Number of Pages: 2Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Two devices facilitating spectrometry in the far infrared

In spectrometric investigations in the infrared two principal difficulties are the extremely small energy available in the long waves, and the relatively great intensity of the near infrared. This latter is of particular importance in using an echlette grating which reflects the short waves with great intensity in high orders. The arrangement here described was devised to overcome both of these inconveniences

Safe domain and elementary geometry

A classical problem of mechanics involves a projectile fired from a given point with a given velocity whose direction is varied. This results in a family of trajectories whose envelope defines the border of a 'safe' domain. In the simple cases of a constant force, harmonic potential and Kepler or Coulomb motion, the trajectories are conic curves whose envelope in a plane is another conic section which can be derived either by simple calculus or by geometrical considerations. The case of harmonic forces reveals a subtle property of the maximal sum of distances within an ellipse.Comment: Also available from http://democrite.in2p3.fr/democrite-0002317