1,427 research outputs found
Energies and wave functions for a soft-core Coulomb potential
For the family of model soft Coulomb potentials represented by V(r) =
-\frac{Z}{(r^q+\beta^q)^{\frac{1}{q}}}, with the parameters
Z>0, \beta>0, q \ge 1, it is shown analytically that the potentials and
eigenvalues, E_{\nu\ell}, are monotonic in each parameter. The potential
envelope method is applied to obtain approximate analytic estimates in terms of
the known exact spectra for pure power potentials. For the case q =1, the
Asymptotic Iteration Method is used to find exact analytic results for the
eigenvalues E_{\nu\ell} and corresponding wave functions, expressed in terms of
Z and \beta. A proof is presented establishing the general concavity of the
scaled electron density near the nucleus resulting from the truncated
potentials for all q. Based on an analysis of extensive numerical calculations,
it is conjectured that the crossing between the pair of states
[(\nu,\ell),(\nu',\ell')], is given by the condition \nu'\geq (\nu+1) and \ell'
\geq (\ell+3). The significance of these results for the interaction of an
intense laser field with an atom is pointed out. Differences in the observed
level-crossing effects between the soft potentials and the hydrogen atom
confined inside an impenetrable sphere are discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, title change, minor revision
Failure Is an Option: Impediments to Short Selling and Options Prices
Regulations allow market makers to short sell without borrowing stock, and the transactions of a major options market maker show that in most hard-to-borrow situations, it chooses not to borrow and instead fails to deliver stock to its buyers. A part of the value of failing passes through to options prices: when failing is cheaper than borrowing, the relation between borrowing costs and options prices is significantly weaker. The remaining value is profit to the market maker, and its ability to profit despite competition between market makers appears to result from the cost advantage of larger market makers
Spectral characteristics for a spherically confined -1/r + br^2 potential
We consider the analytical properties of the eigenspectrum generated by a
class of central potentials given by V(r) = -a/r + br^2, b>0. In particular,
scaling, monotonicity, and energy bounds are discussed. The potential is
considered both in all space, and under the condition of spherical confinement
inside an impenetrable spherical boundary of radius R. With the aid of the
asymptotic iteration method, several exact analytic results are obtained which
exhibit the parametric dependence of energy on a, b, and R, under certain
constraints. More general spectral characteristics are identified by use of a
combination of analytical properties and accurate numerical calculations of the
energies, obtained by both the generalized pseudo-spectral method, and the
asymptotic iteration method. The experimental significance of the results for
both the free and confined potential V(r) cases are discussed.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure
Multimodal Vulvar and Peripheral Sensitivity Among Women With Vulvodynia: A Case–Control Study
OBJECTIVE: To assess differences in vulvar and peripheral sensitivity between women with and without vulvodynia.
METHODS: Women with vulvodynia (n = 41) and age-matched controls (n = 43) seen in the outpatient setting were evaluated via surveys, clinical examination, and multimodal sensory testing (pressure, heat, cold, vibration, and electrical stimulation). The relationships between sensitivity to various sensory modalities and case/control status, as well as by vulvodynia subgroups, were assessed using logistic regression.
RESULTS: Women with vulvodynia were more sensitive to pressure and to electrical stimuli than were control women at the vulva (median, 22 vs 230 g and 0.495 vs 0.769 mA, respectively; P 0.025). Those reporting spontaneous pain versus provoked pain had greater pressure sensitivity to the thumb (median, 1850 vs 2690 g; P = 0.020) and greater electrical sensitivity at the introitus (0.450 vs 0.608 mA; P = 0.011), and those with primary versus secondary vulvodynia had substantially greater pressure sensitivity to the thumb (median, 2438 vs 3125 g, P = 0.004). However, having localized versus generalized vulvodynia was not associated with differences in pressure or electrical sensitivity.
CONCLUSIONS: Sensitivities to pressure and electrical stimuli are greater among vulvodynia cases than among controls and support 2 previously defined subgroups-those reporting spontaneous pain versus those whose pain only occurred when provoked, and those with primary versus secondary vulvodynia
Geometric spectral inversion for singular potentials
The function E = F(v) expresses the dependence of a discrete eigenvalue E of
the Schroedinger Hamiltonian H = -\Delta + vf(r) on the coupling parameter v.
We use envelope theory to generate a functional sequence \{f^{[k]}(r)\} to
reconstruct f(r) from F(v) starting from a seed potential f^{[0]}(r). In the
power-law or log cases the inversion can be effected analytically and is
complete in just two steps. In other cases convergence is observed numerically.
To provide concrete illustrations of the inversion method it is first applied
to the Hulth\'en potential, and it is then used to invert spectral data
generated by singular potentials with shapes of the form f(r) = -a/r +
b\sgn(q)r^q and f(r) = -a/r + b\ln(r), a, b > 0. For the class of attractive
central potentials with shapes f(r) = g(r)/r, with g(0)< 0 and g'(r)\ge 0, we
prove that the ground-state energy curve F(v) determines f(r) uniquely.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
Measuring nonuse damages using contingent valuation
This second edition of Measuring Nonuse Damages Using Conjoint Valuation is essentially a reprint of a 1992 monograph that has been in steady demand since its original appearance. The RTI Press edition, which is intended to meet continued inquiries and requests for the monograph, contains a Foreword and a Preface to the second edition that put the original work into historical perspective. These studies of ways to value stated preferences, as applied then to the Exxon Valdez oil spill, continue to be a timely and still-rigorous examination of such methods; even with the passage of time and statistical advances from the past two decades, the conclusions and insights as to whether and how these techniques might still be employed in valuing use or nonuse losses from similar events remain valid.Publishe
Robotic Laser-Adaptive-Optics Imaging of 715 Kepler Exoplanet Candidates using Robo-AO
The Robo-AO Kepler Planetary Candidate Survey is designed to observe every
Kepler planet candidate host star with laser adaptive optics imaging to search
for blended nearby stars, which may be physically associated companions and/or
responsible for transit false positives. In this paper we present the results
from the 2012 observing season, searching for stars close to 715 representative
Kepler planet candidate hosts. We find 53 companions, 44 of which are new
discoveries. We detail the Robo-AO survey data reduction methods including a
method of using the large ensemble of target observations as mutual
point-spread-function references, along with a new automated
companion-detection algorithm designed for large adaptive optics surveys. Our
survey is sensitive to objects from 0.15" to 2.5" separation, with contrast
ratios up to delta-m~6. We measure an overall nearby-star-probability for
Kepler planet candidates of 7.4% +/- 1.0%, and calculate the effects of each
detected nearby star on the Kepler-measured planetary radius. We discuss
several KOIs of particular interest, including KOI-191 and KOI-1151, which are
both multi-planet systems with detected stellar companions whose unusual
planetary system architecture might be best explained if they are "coincident
multiple" systems, with several transiting planets shared between the two
stars. Finally, we detect 2.6-sigma evidence for <15d-period giant planets
being 2-3 times more likely be found in wide stellar binaries than smaller
close-in planets and all sizes of further-out planets.Comment: Accepted by ApJ. Minor updates & improved statistical analysis; no
changes to results. 15 pages, 13 figure
Scattering and self-adjoint extensions of the Aharonov-Bohm hamiltonian
We consider the hamiltonian operator associated with planar sec- tions of
infinitely long cylindrical solenoids and with a homogeneous magnetic field in
their interior. First, in the Sobolev space , we characterize all
generalized boundary conditions on the solenoid bor- der compatible with
quantum mechanics, i.e., the boundary conditions so that the corresponding
hamiltonian operators are self-adjoint. Then we study and compare the
scattering of the most usual boundary con- ditions, that is, Dirichlet, Neumann
and Robin.Comment: 40 pages, 5 figure
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