Independent risk factors for very early (0–3 months after ART initiation) and early (3–12 months) mortality stratified by age.

<p>Cox regression models split by time under observation (person years) into very early mortality (0–3 months) and early mortality (3–12 months). Risk factors determined separately for age groups <50 years and ≥50 years.</p><p>All values are adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence interval.</p><p>NS, not significant in univariable model.</p><p>*Concurrent TB treatment at time of ART initiation.</p>†<p>eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate: calculated using 4-variable MDRD equation (without ethnicity correction).</p

Mortality rates following ART initiation stratified by age at initiation and cohort period time (N = 8846).

<p>Mortality rates following ART initiation stratified by age at initiation and cohort period time (N = 8846).</p

Baseline characteristics for individuals initiated on ART August 2004 - October 2009 (n = 8846), stratified by age at ART initiation.

<p>CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range.</p><p>*eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate: calculated using 4-variable MDRD equation (without ethnicity correction).</p

Age and immune response to ART.

<p>A. Median CD4 cell count (cells/µl) over time since ART initiation, stratified by age at ART initiation. B. Proportion of patients failing to achieve a CD4 count >200 cells/ul at pre-defined time points post ART initiation, stratified by age at initiation.</p

Age and mortality risk post ART initiation.

<p>Kaplan-Meier plot of cumulative mortality probability after initiation of ART, stratified by age group at time of ART initiation.</p

Kaplan-Meier time to death following diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis and subsequent admission into hospital.

<p>Kaplan-Meier time to death following diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis and subsequent admission into hospital.</p

Risk factors for in-hospital mortality within 14 days and 28 days in patients diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis.

<p>Risk factors for in-hospital mortality within 14 days and 28 days in patients diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis.</p

Description of 186 patients diagnosed with Cryptococcal meningitis, presenting at Ngwelezana hospital.

*<p>P for differences in median age by sex = 0.019.</p

Flow chart showing patients excluded from analysis.

<p>Of the 20 excluded patients, 17 were initiated on TDF-based first-line therapy, dual NRTI therapy or were already receiving a second-line regimen at time of genotype. The three protocol violations were: two patients on treatment for less than a year, and one with viral load <1000 copies/ml at the time of genotyping.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics.

<p>IQR, interquartile range; d4T, stavudine; 3TC, lamivudine; EFV, efavirenz; NVP, nevirapine; AZT, zidovudine; TDF, tenofovir; NRTI, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor.</p>a<p>Baseline CD4+ cell count was measurement closest to but prior to ART initiation; 28 missing baseline CD4+ cell count.</p>b<p>Immunological failure was defined according to WHO guidelines: fall of CD4+ cell count to baseline or below; 50% fall from on-treatment peak value; or persistent CD4+ cell count <100 cells/µl.</p>c<p>Duration of antiretroviral failure was estimated from the date of the first viral load >1000 copies/ml to date of genotype, unless there was a viral load <50 copies/ml in-between, in which case the time was estimated from the next viral load >1,000 copies/ml. If there was no viral load ≤1,000 copies/ml then time was calculated from date of ART initiation.</p