9,016 research outputs found
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Trust in the digital world - the return of the kings of old
Drawing principally on examples and literature from the Anglosphere, the author argues that the high salience given to "trust" and "trustworthiness" in recent scholarly literature, and which (notably in Putnam's work) attributes declining trust to a widely mistrusted mass media does not acknowledge the trustbuilding potential (realised in some instances) of interactive "Web 2.0" applications. Drawing on O'Neill's proposal that trust inheres in dialogue and mutual checking and verification, the author argues that "Web 2.0" media provide a variety of instances where the "dialogic" character of "Web 2.0" has established and enhanced trustworthiness. He argues normatively for a combination of "Web 2.0" interactivity and the adoption and implementation of self-regulatory codes in order to enhance the trustworthiness of the media
Compulsory loyalty? Accountability, citizenship and the BBC
Este artigo localiza os debates contemporĂąneos sobre governança e accountability de serviços pĂșblicos de televisĂŁo e radiodifusĂŁo no contexto dos debates no Reino Unido sobre a renovação do Canal BBC. Parte-se da noção sugerida por Warnock (1974) de accountability como o fornecimento de informação e a habilidade de exercer sançÔes e das distinçÔes propostas por Hirschman (1970) e Thompson (2003) entre saĂda, voz e lealdade e formas de governança hierĂĄrquica, de mercado e de rede. Como accountability pode ser exercida em contextos definidos por Hirschman e Thompson e qual Ă© o papel da confiança (OâNeill, 2002)? Em oposição ao modelo âforteâ da concepção normativa de consumidor (Peacock 1986, Potter 1988, Sargant 1992 e 1993) como um usuĂĄrio capaz de fazer com que instituiçÔes se mantenham responsivas em um mercado em bom uncionamento, em serviços de radiodifusĂŁo o cidadĂŁo Ă© concebido (de acordo com Marshall 1981) meramente como um objeto âfracoâ da distribuição de bem-estar ao invĂ©s de um agente ativo capaz de manter os difusores responsivos. Em conseqĂŒĂȘncia, as propostas do governo britĂąnico para um novo modelo de governança da BBC talvez sejam consideradas inadequadas para atender demandas contemporĂąneas para melhorar a accountability de serviços pĂșblicos
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Rawls, Fraser, redistribution, recognition and The World Summit on the Information Society
The author frames an account of the 2005/6 World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) and the Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG) in the framework of John Rawls' arguments for redistribution using the 'difference principle' and Nancy Fraser's arguments for recognition as constituents of justice. He argues that the intensity and character of debates in the WSIS/WGIG can better be understood in terms of Fraser's notion of recognition rather than Rawls' notion of redistribution. He argues that the dynamics of WSIS/WGIG can be understood in terms of conflicting recognition claims from states and civil society focused on the legitimacy of "trilateralism", including civil society, as a principle of participation in these Internet governance fora
Trust in the Digital World The Return of the Kings of Old
Drawing principally on examples and literature from the Anglosphere, the author argues that the high salience given to "trust" and "trustworthiness" in recent scholarly literature, and which (notably in Putnam's work) attributes declining trust to a widely mistrusted mass media does not acknowledge the trustbuilding potential (realised in some instances) of interactive "Web 2.0" applications. Drawing on O'Neill's proposal that trust inheres in dialogue and mutual checking and verification, the author argues that "Web 2.0" media provide a variety of instances where the "dialogic" character of "Web 2.0" has established and enhanced trustworthiness. He argues normatively for a combination of "Web 2.0" interactivity and the adoption and implementation of selfregulatory codes in order to enhance the trustworthiness of the media.trust, mass media, Web 2.0, self-regulation, trustworthiness.
Demographics by depth: spatially explicit life-history dynamics of a protogynous reef fish
Distribution and demographics of the hogfish (Lachnolaimus
maximus) were investigated by using a combined approach of in situ observations and life history analyses. Presence, density, size, age, and size and age at sex change all varied with depth in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Hogfish (64â774 mm fork length and 0â19 years old) were observed year-round and were most common over complex, natural hard bottom habitat. As depth increased, the presence and density of hogfish decreased, but mean size and age increased. Size at age was smaller nearshore (<30 m). Length and age at sex change of nearshore hogfish were half those of offshore hogfish and were coincident with the minimum legal size limit. Fishing pressure is presumably
greater nearshore and presents a confounding source of increased mortality; however, a strong red tide occurred the year before this study began and likely also affected nearshore demographics. Nevertheless, these data indicate ontogenetic migration and escapement of fast-growing fish to offshore habitat, both of which should reduce the likelihood of fishing-induced evolution. Data regarding
the hogfish fishery are limited and regionally dependent, which has confounded previous stock assessments; however, the spatially explicit vital rates reported herein can be applied to future monitoring efforts
UK QE reconsidered: the real economy effects of monetary policy in the UK, 1990-2012 â an empirical analysis
Empirical studies of so called âunconventionalâ monetary policy â âQuantitative Easingâ or âLarge Scale Asset Purchasesâ - since the North Atlantic Financial Crisis of 2007-2009 in the United Kingdom and elsewhere have mainly focussed on the effect of policy on intermediate variables rather than the stated ultimate goal of such policies, boosting nominal demand and GDP growth. Secondly and relatedly they tend to focus on the crisis and post-crisis period, a time of extraordinary economic and financial dislocation, which creates counterfactual and attribution problems and fails to capture typical macroeconomic lag dynamics. Adopting the approach of Voutsinas and Werner (2010), and building on Lyonnet and Wernerâs (2012) study of UK QE, this paper addresses these weaknesses by 1) examining the impact of various different monetary policy instruments (including Quantitative Easing) directly on UK nominal GDP growth; and 2) using a quarterly time series beginning in the first quarter of 1990 and up to the last quarter of 2012 (92 observations in total). We use the Hendry âgeneral-to-specificâ econometric methodology to estimate a parsimonious model. The results show that disaggregated bank credit to the real economy (households and firms) has the most significant impact on nominal GDP growth. Changes to the central bankâs interest rate, central bank reserves, and total central bank asset ratios drop out of the model as insignificant. The policy implication it that, as private banks continue to shrink their balance sheets in the UK and Europe following the North Atlantic Crisis of 2008, central banks might wish to consider âunconventionalâ monetary policies that more directly boost credit to the real economy and thus nominal GDP growt
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"We muddle our way through": shared and distributed expertise in digital engagement with research
The use and availability of digital media is changing researchers' roles and simultaneously providing a route for a more engaging relationship with stakeholders throughout the research process. Although the digital realm has a profound influence on people's day-to-day lives, some researchers have not yet professionally embraced digital technologies. This paper arises from one aspect of a project exploring how university research and professional practices are evolving as researchers engage with stakeholders via digital media to create, share and represent knowledge together. Using researchers from the Open University (U.K.) as a case study, this paper reviews the extent to which they are developing multiple identities and functions in their engaged research through digital media
Constant gap between conventional strategies and those based on C*-dynamics for self-embezzlement
We consider a bipartite transformation that we call \emph{self-embezzlement}
and use it to prove a constant gap between the capabilities of two models of
quantum information: the conventional model, where bipartite systems are
represented by tensor products of Hilbert spaces; and a natural model of
quantum information processing for abstract states on C*-algebras, where joint
systems are represented by tensor products of C*-algebras. We call this the
C*-circuit model and show that it is a special case of the commuting-operator
model (in that it can be translated into such a model). For the conventional
model, we show that there exists a constant such that
self-embezzlement cannot be achieved with precision parameter less than
(i.e., the fidelity cannot be greater than );
whereas, in the C*-circuit model---as well as in a commuting-operator
model---the precision can be (i.e., fidelity~)
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