Description and values of the behavioral and epidemic parameters used in the analysis.

1<p>Ranges for epidemic parameters are sampled uniformly to obtain parameter sets which are filtered to select 1000 epidemics meeting the target criteria about HIV incidence and HIV prevalence.</p

Description and values of the intervention parameters used in the analysis.

1<p>Theranges for intervention parameters are used in multivariate sensitivity analysis (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0073770#pone.0073770.s001" target="_blank">File S1</a>).</p

Comparison of the impact of interventions with 70% efficacious VMB used consistently by 60% of the non-pregnant women under different scenarios of VMB use by pregnant women: A) Cumulative fraction of infections prevented over 10 years in women (red), men (blue) and total (green) assuming no change in HIV risk during pregnancy (RR_HIV/preg = 1); B) Cumulative fraction of infections prevented in women; C) Projected HIV prevalence after 10 years assuming no VMB use and VMB use by non-pregnant women only.

<p>D) Cumulative fraction of infections during pregnancy prevented over 10 years. The scenarios with elevated risk during pregnancy use parameter combinations described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0073770#pone-0073770-g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2A</a>. The box plots (median, 5th, 25th, 75th, 95th percentiles) reflect the variation in estimates generated by 1,000 different epidemic sets.</p

HIV epidemics and risk of HIV acquisition in absence of VMB.

<p>A) Relative HIV acquisition risk during pregnancy compared to non-pregnant period of the same length for different combinations of biological susceptibility (relative HIV risk per act compared to when not pregnant) and behavior changes (relative condom use compared to when not pregnant) during pregnancy assuming the same level of sexual activity as before pregnancy. The black line represents combinations which correspond to 2-fold increase in the cumulative HIV risk during pregnancy. Red dots represent the parameter combinations used in the explored scenarios; B) Cumulative number of new HIV infections over 10 years and C) Fraction of the cumulative number of new female HIV infections over 10 years in which HIV is acquired during pregnancy. Presented are scenarios assuming no change in HIV risk during pregnancy (RR_HIV/preg = 1, black boxes) and 3 distinct scenarios assuming 2-fold increase in HIV risk during pregnancy (RR_HIV/preg = 2, colored boxes). The box plots (median, 5th, 25th, 75th, 95th percentiles) reflect the variation in estimates generated by 1,000 simulations in population with 1 000 000 men and same number of women.</p

Flow diagram of the model.

<p>Simulated population is stratified in compartments by gender as men (subscript m) or women (subscript w) and by HIV status as susceptibles (S), infected with HIV (I) and sexually inactive due to progression to AIDS (A). Female population is additionally stratified by pregnancy status (superscript p indicates pregnancy) and by usage of VMB (superscript p indicates the use of VMB). VMB users strictly follow the prescribed regimen. A complete description of the model including the flow rates and the expressions for the forces of infections (λ) is presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0073770#pone.0073770.s001" target="_blank">File S1</a>.</p