Characteristics of glaucoma patients' ground-truth VFs.

<p>Characteristics of glaucoma patients' ground-truth VFs.</p

Distributions of VF variability according to sensitivity levels (): 0, 6, 14 and 22 dB.

<p>The blue line in the bottom right plot illustrates a single simulated draw from this distribution.</p

Mean Deviation variability according to level of damage, and grayscale plots for four ground-truth VFs.

<p>The MDs of Patients A–D are −11.4, −11.5, −20.4 and −20.5 dB, respectively, while the corresponding standard deviations of MD are 0.72, 0.19, 0.25 and 0.66, respectively.</p

Simulated VF shown as a HFA-like printout.

<p>The grid of numbers in the top left represent the simulated sensitivities; while the adjacent grayscale plot provides a graphical representation of the VF (darker areas represent defects). The number grids below represent the difference in the patient's VF sensitivities and those of a healthy individual of the same age: without correction for a general reduction in retinal sensitivity (‘Total Deviation’); and with correction (‘Pattern Deviation’). Below these two grids are probability maps, which indicate whether the reductions in sensitivities are significant.</p

<i>Individual</i> F-function Test for synthetic datasets.

<p>The leftmost figure corresponds to the thick dataset and the rightmost the thin dataset. For each of 200 synthetic nuclei, in each dataset, an F-function Test is performed, where the null hypothesis is the spatial point pattern has been drawn from a CSR process. The spatial point patterns generated for these all the synthetic instances are from alternatives to CSR, hence the power of the test is equal to the proportion of instances that reject the null hypothesis.</p

Three MRC5 nuclei with PML locations and their corresponding F-function Test.

<p>The images are a 2-D projection but the analysis is performed in 3-D. If the observed F-function (the continuous curve) is wholly contained within the CSR envelope (the dotted curves) then the pattern is consistent with CSR (the null hypothesis). The middle nucleus rejects the null and is demonstrating PML locations that are further apart than would be expected by CSR. The right-most nucleus also rejects the null and is demonstrating locations that are more tightly clustered than would be expected by CSR.</p

Two-sided K-S test statistics for SDI using the F-function.

<p>For spatial point patterns generated by each type of alternative to CSR deployed, and for increasing average number of points, the summary statistic from the SDI, D, and its corresponding p-value are shown. Total number of synthetic nuclei is 200.</p

Histogram of SDI using F-function for MRC5 PML NB locations.

<p>For a CSR process we would expect the histogram to be approximately uniform, however we see concentrations in both the low and high values of SDI indictaing that there is a spatial preference for PML NBs.</p

2-D Illustrations of the alternative spatial point processes used in the construction of the synthetic data.

<p>Each of the three alternatives has a clear spatial preference. The challenge for spatial analysis is to identify such preference when the average number of points is low and potentially difficult to distinguish from CSR.</p

Modified <i>Individual</i> F-function Test using Aggregated null envelope for 3 MRC5.

<p>The distance standardized F-functions of the PML NB locations for the nuclei shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036841#pone-0036841-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>. Although for these particular cells we make the same decision as <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036841#pone-0036841-g007" target="_blank">Figure 7</a>, the result over the dataset is different; fewer nuclei fail to reject the null. This is likely due to the shape heterogeneity of the nucleus envelope, evidence for which is provided by the investigation of synthetic data, see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036841#pone-0036841-g011" target="_blank">Figure 11</a>.</p