Uncovering the Deceptions: An Analysis on Audio Spoofing Detection and Future Prospects

Audio has become an increasingly crucial biometric modality due to its ability to provide an intuitive way for humans to interact with machines. It is currently being used for a range of applications, including person authentication to banking to virtual assistants. Research has shown that these systems are also susceptible to spoofing and attacks. Therefore, protecting audio processing systems against fraudulent activities, such as identity theft, financial fraud, and spreading misinformation, is of paramount importance. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art techniques for detecting audio spoofing and discusses the current challenges along with open research problems. The paper further highlights the importance of considering the ethical and privacy implications of audio spoofing detection systems. Lastly, the work aims to accentuate the need for building more robust and generalizable methods, the integration of automatic speaker verification and countermeasure systems, and better evaluation protocols.Comment: Accepted in IJCAI 202

A CLINICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF PUNARNAVADI CHURNA, SINGHANADA GUGGULU IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AMAVATA (RHEUMATIOD ARTHRITIS)

Amavata, is firstly introduced as an independent disease in Madhav Nidana. It is a disease of Madhyam roga marga as it affects Sandhi and Hridya marma. Though Ama and Vata are the two main predominant pathogenic factors but the disease also represents Tridoshic vitiation. The affliction of joints by Vata dosha in association with Ama shows that both play equal role of Dosha and Dushya in the causation of this disease. This study includes evaluate the effect of Trial drugs Punarnavadi churna with Anupana of Rasna Saptak Qwatha and Eranda taila on the signs and symptoms of Amavata and also to evaluate the effect of trial drug with a standard drug Singhanada Guggulu on the signs and symptoms of Amavata. In short we can say that, Amavata is the resultant of improper digestion or partially digestion of the food particles due to hypofunction of Gatharagni and also due to accumulation of mala in the body and it is also considered as Pratham doshadusti. It may be considered as partially or incomplete metabolized Dathu in case of Dhatvagni mandata. This study might be helpful in breakdown Samprapti of Amavata roga and give right way to patient of Amavata

COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF KSHARASUTRA ON MANAGEMENT OF BHAGANDARA

Bhagandara is a chronic purulent inflammation usually affects perianal region, anal canal and rectum. It initially manifested by an abscess followed by continuous discharge of pus through the tract and leads to an unhealed condition. Improper care and negligence to the disease lead the patient to seriousness occasionally. Now-a-days, management of Bhagandara with Ksharasutra is gained popularity for its minimal invasive and complete cure of the disease but corrosiveness and pain during application of Ksharasutra still remain as a drawback to the approach.  This study includes preparation of three types of Ksharasutra and comparative effect of Ksharasutra in the management of Bhagandara. Considering the above problem a thorough review was done in order to find out any solution to solve the purpose of Ksharasutra without pain. Further, it is also revealed that the corrosive agent usually in the preparation of ksharasutra is Snuhi ksheera (Euphorbia nerifolia). The relevant study proved that ksharasutra can also be prepared with Guggulu (Comiphora mukulu) and Udumbara latex (Ficus glomerata) instead of Snuhi ksheera. Thus evaluation of the effect of such Ksharasutra is not methodically done yet. In order to evaluate the effects of ksharasutra prepared out of Guggulu and Udumbara latex is selected for the purpose of the study

Clinical Characteristics of Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in North Indian Population of HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving HAART

Background & Objective. IRIS is an important complication that occurs during management of HIV-TB coinfection and it poses difficulty in diagnosis. Previous studies have reported variable incidence of IRIS. The present study was undertaken to describe the pattern of TB-associated IRIS using recently proposed consensus case-definitions for TB-IRIS for its use in resource-limited settings. Methods. A prospective analysis of ART-naïve adults started on HAART from November, 2008 to May, 2010 was done in a tertiary care hospital in north India. A total 224 patients divided into two groups, one with HIV-TB and the other with HIV alone, were followedup for a minimum period of 3 months. The diagnosis of TB was categorised as ‘‘definitive” and ‘‘probable”. Results. Out of a total of 224 patients, 203 completed followup. Paradoxical TB-IRIS occurred in 5 of 123 (4%) HIV-TB patients while 6 of 80 (7.5%) HIV patients developed ART-associated TB. A reduction in plasma viral load was significantly (P = .016) associated with paradoxical TB-IRIS. No identifiable risk factors were associated with the development of ART-associated TB. Conclusion. The consensus case-definitions are useful tools in the diagnosis of TB-associated IRIS. High index of clinical suspicion is required for an early diagnosis

Rebound inflammation after an intravitreal injection in Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome

A 43-year-old male with chronic Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome (VKH) presented with subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) in the right eye with no evidence of active inflammation. He underwent intravitreal bevacizumab and dexamethasone injections. Postinjection he developed fresh keratic precipitates and exudative retinal detachment (RD). He received two more bevacizumab injections with oral corticosteroids and immunosuppressants causing resolution of exudative RD with scarred CNVM. We report this case to highlight that intravitreal injection may act as a trigger for rebound inflammation in VKH patients and may require anti-inflammatory drugs to be started even in the absence of an active inflammation

Vascular Cyst of Adrenal: A Report of Two Cases

Vascular cysts of the adrenal gland are rare heterogeneous group of lesions with an autopsy incidence of 0.06%. They have female preponderance with most common presentation being pain abdomen. Cysts of the adrenal glands are classified as (a) parasitic cysts (b) epithelial cyst (c) pseudocyst and (d) endothelial cysts. Out of these endothelial cysts constitute about 84% of the cases. As the clinical features and radiological findings of these lesions are nonspecific, a proper histological examination along with immunohistochemistry are necessary for a definitive diagnosis. Here, we report two cases of vascular endothelial cyst of the adrenal gland to emphasize the histomorphological and immunohistochemical features of these lesions