Misconceptions in fraction

Mathematics is notorious for being a difficult subject. Algebra, as a whole, is feared and despised; so also is a topic like Fractions. There are many reasons that make mathematics a difficult subject. One of them is its already earned reputation. Teachers, parents and children (as a result of the other two) start the process of teaching and learning mathematics with a pre-conceived notion of the subject being difficult

Writing A Familiar Story; Descriptive Writing

Procedure • Choose a story that the students are familiar with; for example, the story of the lion and the mouse. Ask the students to narrate the story by adding one sentence each to the story.In this round of collective storytelling, language should not be a constraint and getting more and more students to participate would be desirable

Grammar Activities

Objectives 1. Give the students a story-like situation and ask them to imagine and articulate responses to the questions posed by you. Look at the following example: 1. Help the students develop a sense of present perfect tense. 2. Stimulate articulation in class. Materials 1. Several pairs of pictures / maps of the same place taken over a period of time, so that the differences over time are evident. Shaheen’s parents went out of town for two days, leaving Shaheen and her sister alone. Describe at least six things that the children did or did not do. • They watched TV till late night. Scope Upper Primary classes Procedure 1. Give the students two maps or two pictures of the same place but taken over significantly different periods of time. 2. Based on the pictures, ask the students to speak about the changes that have taken place over time. 3. Give them an example and correct their statements whenever required

FR-CAPTCHA: CAPTCHA Based on Recognizing Human Faces

A Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) is designed to distinguish humans from machines. Most of the existing tests require reading distorted text embedded in a background image. However, many existing CAPTCHAs are either too difficult for humans due to excessive distortions or are trivial for automated algorithms to solve. These CAPTCHAs also suffer from inherent language as well as alphabet dependencies and are not equally convenient for people of different demographics. Therefore, there is a need to devise other Turing tests which can mitigate these challenges. One such test is matching two faces to establish if they belong to the same individual or not. Utilizing face recognition as the Turing test, we propose FR-CAPTCHA based on finding matching pairs of human faces in an image. We observe that, compared to existing implementations, FR-CAPTCHA achieves a human accuracy of 94% and is robust against automated attacks

Novel microfilaricidal activity of nanosilver

Sunil K Singh1, Kalyan Goswami2, Richa D Sharma2, Maryada VR Reddy2, Debabrata Dash11Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 2Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, IndiaPurpose: The currently available drug repertoire against lymphatic filariasis, a major health hazard in the developing world, is inadequate and is fraught with serious limitations. Thus, the development of an effective antifilarial strategy has become a global research thrust mandated by the World Health Organization. Nanoparticles of silver endowed with antibacterial potency are known to induce apoptosis in eukaryotic cells. The present study was designed to investigate the possible microfilaricidal efficacy of silver nanoparticles and to establish the validity of apoptotic rationale in antifilarial drug designing.Methods: This report analyzed the effect of nanoparticles of silver as well as gold (size range: 10–15 nm) on the microfilariae of Brugia malayi obtained from the lavage of peritoneal cavities of infected jirds (Meriones unguiculatus). The study included a microfilarial motility assay, a trypan blue exclusion test, a poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase activity study, ethidium bromide/acridine orange differential staining, and transmission, as well as scanning electron microscopic evaluation of ultrastructural changes in microfilariae.Results: The study demonstrates that nanoparticles of silver, but not of gold, elicited significant loss in microfilarial motility. Differential staining of parasites with ethidium bromide and acridine orange, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase activity in microfilarial lysate, and electron microscopic findings underscored apoptotic death of parasites attributable to nanosilver. In a trypan blue exclusion test, the 50% lethal dose of nanosilver was measured to be 101.2 µM, which was higher than the recorded complete inhibitory concentration value (50.6 µM), thus supporting nanosilver as a potential drug candidate against lymphatic filariasis.Conclusion: The present report provides the first ever conclusive proof in support of apoptosis as a novel stratagem in antifilarial drug designing and nanoscale silver as a valid lead in research on antifilarial therapeutics. The main embargo about the current drug diethylcarbamazine citrate is its empirical use without rationale. Effective microfilaricidal activity of nanosilver at relatively low concentrations as reported in this study, with evidence of the induction of apoptosis in microfilariae, projects nanosilver as a potential drug adjuvant against lymphatic filariasis. The much higher 50% lethal dose value of nanosilver compared to the complete inhibitory concentration value reported in this study argues in favor of a safe therapeutic window of this agent in its antifilarial efficacy.Keywords: silver nanoparticles, apoptosis, lymphatic filariasis, microfilaricidal agent, parasitic disease

Examining the generalizability of research findings from archival data

This initiative examined systematically the extent to which a large set of archival research findings generalizes across contexts. We repeated the key analyses for 29 original strategic management effects in the same context (direct reproduction) as well as in 52 novel time periods and geographies; 45% of the reproductions returned results matching the original reports together with 55% of tests in different spans of years and 40% of tests in novel geographies. Some original findings were associated with multiple new tests. Reproducibility was the best predictor of generalizability—for the findings that proved directly reproducible, 84% emerged in other available time periods and 57% emerged in other geographies. Overall, only limited empirical evidence emerged for context sensitivity. In a forecasting survey, independent scientists were able to anticipate which effects would find support in tests in new samples

Grammar Activities

Objectives 1. Give the students a story-like situation and ask them to imagine and articulate responses to the questions posed by you. Look at the following example: 1. Help the students develop a sense of present perfect tense. 2. Stimulate articulation in class. Materials 1. Several pairs of pictures / maps of the same place taken over a period of time, so that the differences over time are evident. Shaheen’s parents went out of town for two days, leaving Shaheen and her sister alone. Describe at least six things that the children did or did not do. • They watched TV till late night. Scope Upper Primary classes Procedure 1. Give the students two maps or two pictures of the same place but taken over significantly different periods of time. 2. Based on the pictures, ask the students to speak about the changes that have taken place over time. 3. Give them an example and correct their statements whenever required

Misconceptions in fraction

Mathematics is notorious for being a difficult subject. Algebra, as a whole, is feared and despised; so also is a topic like Fractions. There are many reasons that make mathematics a difficult subject. One of them is its already earned reputation. Teachers, parents and children (as a result of the other two) start the process of teaching and learning mathematics with a pre-conceived notion of the subject being difficult

traumatic brain injury, military, post-concussive disorder, gene-expression

The increasing use of smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices poses a significant challenge in providing effective online security. CAPTCHAs, tests for distinguishing human and computer users, have traditionally been popular; however, they face particular difficulties in a modern mobile environment because most of them rely on keyboard input and have language dependencies. This paper proposes a novel image-based CAPTCHA that combines the touch-based input methods favored by mobile devices with genetically optimized face detection tests to provide a solution that is simple for humans to solve, ready for worldwide use, and provides a high level of security by being resilient to automated computer attacks. In extensive testing involving over 2600 users and 40000 CAPTCHA tests, fgCAPTCHA demonstrates a very high human success rate while ensuring a 0% attack rate using three well-known face detection algorithms