自称表現に見られる日中両言語の人称代名詞と親族語彙

千葉大学社会文化科学研究科研究プロジェクト報告書第84集『日中両言語における代名詞及び親族語彙の対照研究-琉球方言との比較研究も含めて』所

¹³C NMR spectrum of A21 analogue.

<p>¹³C NMR spectrum of A21 analogue.</p

Pharmacological tests of compounds of Table 1.

<p>Pharmacological tests of compounds of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0162171#pone.0162171.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Histopathological analysis of intestinal epithelium obtained five weeks after <i>Candida albicans</i> inoculation in mice.

<p>(A) Intestinal epithelium of Balb-C mouse with normal appearance. (B) Intestinal epithelium showing severe damage with necrotic enteritis. We can observe the loss of microvilli (■), presence of inflammatory cells (ic) and cellular lysis (*) is observed. (C) Intestinal epithelium from a representative mouse with candidiasis treated with a daily IP dose of 4 mg/kg AmB (DMSO) during the last two of the five weeks. Loss of microvilli (■), presence of inflammatory cells (ic), and cellular lysis (*) is observed. (D) Intestinal epithelium from a representative mouse with candidiasis treated with a daily IP dose of 4 mg/kg AmB (Abelcet^®) during the last two of the five weeks. The kidney appears normal and has abundant caliciform cells. (E) Intestinal epithelium from a representative mouse with candidiasis treated with a daily IP dose of 4 mg/kg <b>A21</b> during the last two of the five weeks. Epithelium with normal appearance. (F) Intestinal epithelium from a representative mouse with candidiasis treated with a daily IP dose of 12 mg/kg <b>A21</b> during the last two of the five weeks. Epithelium with normal appearance.</p

Histopathological evaluation of infected mice treated with AmB or A21.

<p>Histopathological evaluation of infected mice treated with AmB or A21.</p

Force field definition for AmB and A21 atoms.

<p>Values for atom type, atom name, partial charge, and mass are shown. In the case of <b>A21</b>, charges of the R chemical group were taken from the ARGN [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0162171#pone.0162171.ref044" target="_blank">44</a>] or HISA [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0162171#pone.0162171.ref057" target="_blank">57</a>] 53A6 GROMOS residues. Atom name labels are mapped to the corresponding structure, shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0162171#pone.0162171.g006" target="_blank">Fig 6</a>.</p

Histopathological analysis of kidney obtained five weeks after <i>Candida albicans</i> inoculation in mice.

<p>(A) Kidney of Balb-C mouse with normal appearance. (B) The kidney shows severe pyelonephritis with fungal infiltration (●). The image shows clusters of dilated degenerative tubules (d) containing exfoliated necrotic epithelium admixed with necrotic tubules (n). The inflammatory infiltration (ic) damaged the lining of the tubules. Renal tubular nephrosis was observed. (C) Kidney from a representative mouse with candidiasis treated with a daily IP dose of 4 mg/kg AmB (DMSO) during the last two of the five weeks. Clusters of dilated degenerative tubules (d) containing exfoliated necrotic epithelium admixed with necrotic (n) and apoptotic tubules (a) appear. (D) Kidney from a representative mouse with candidiasis treated with a daily IP dose of 4 mg/kg AmB (Abelcet^®) during the last two of the five weeks, with normal appearance. (E) Kidney from a representative mouse with candidiasis treated with a daily IP dose of 4 mg/kg <b>A21</b> during the last two of the five weeks. The kidney shows normal appearance. (F) Kidney from a representative mouse with candidiasis treated with a daily IP dose of 12 mg/kg <b>A21</b> during the last two of the five weeks, showing a normal appearance.</p

Comparative action of Amphotericin B and derivative A21 on <i>Candida albicans</i> ATCC 10231 (A), <i>Candida albicans</i> ATCC 752 (B) and <i>Candida krusei</i> ATCC 6258 (C).

<p>Cells were incubated for 24 h at 37 C under aerobic conditions, stained with propidium iodide (PI). Antifungal activity was determined by flow cytometry. The results are presented as means ± SD of 3 independent experiments. *p < 0.05 is the comparison with control value. #p< 0.05 the comparison with AmB.</p

Synthesis of Amphotericin B amide analogues A1–A7.

<p>Reagents and conditions: (a) Selected amine, DPPA, Et₃N, DMAC, rt.</p

Example of single channel along 1 s activity of A21 in a POPC membrane containing 30% Mol ergosterol or 30% Mol cholesterol, 25°C, 100 mV and concentrations of 10 and 200 μMol, respectively.

<p>A larger channel for the ergosterol-containing membrane is presented (note the different scale) since, in this case, it is very common. These records were treated as described in the Methods section.</p