Инновационные методы мониторинга парниковых газов представительных ландшафтов мегаполиса

This article presents the innovative approach to the organization of monitoring researches of the greenhouses gases’ fluxes main components in the case of representative landscapes of the Moscow megalopolis as well as initial results of this technique approbation.В статье приведен инновационный подход к организации мониторинговых исследований основных компонентов потоков парниковых газов представительных ландшафтов Московского мегаполиса и первоначальные результаты апробации данной методики

Методология функционально-экологического мониторинга объектов озеленения и благоустройства г. Москвы

The role of urban areas in the global land-use structure is permanently growing. Urban ecosystems differ principally from natural ones in formation conditions, driving factors and functioning. Green areas play a key role in city structure, performing important environmental, ornamental and health functions. The methodology widely accepted so far for the environmental control of urban green zones is not able to consider multiple functions of urban areas as well as their unique spatial variability. Herewith we propose a new approach for functional-environmental monitoring of urban green zones in Moscow city, including not only static, but also dynamic parameters and considering their spatial variability and profile distribution. The proposed approach was tested for the case of six green areas within the Sadovoe Ring, Central administrative district of the Moscow city. It was demonstrated that the proposed methodology was much more informative than conventional ones and also better support taking optimal decisions in the sphere of maintaining environmental quality of urban ecosystems.Роль городов в глобальной структуре землепользования постоянно растет. Сформированные в результате урбанизации экосистемы принципиально отличаются от естественных по условиям формирования, факторам воздействия и особенностям функционирования. Объекты озеленения и благоустройства играют ключевую роль в структуре городов, выполняя важнейшие экологические, декоративные и санитарно-эпидемиологические функции. Принятые на данный момент методики экологического контроля объектов благоустройства далеко не в полной мере отражают как многофункциональность урбоэкосистем, так и их уникальное пространственное разнообразие. В данной статье предлагается новый подход к функционально-экологическому мониторингу объектов озеленения и благоустройства г. Москвы, включающий не только статические, но и динамические показатели и позволяющий учесть их пространственное и профильное распределение. Методология была апробирована на шести представительных объектах в пределах Садового кольца, ЦАО г. Москвы. Было показано, что предлагаемый подход гораздо более информативен, чем традиционные, что позволяет оптимизировать принятие решений в области обеспечения экологического качества урбоэкосистем

New triazine bridged triads based on BODIPY-porphyrin systems: extended absorption, efficient energy transfer and upconverted emission

Two novel triads connecting a BODIPY to ethylenediamine substituted porphyrins via triazine linker have been synthesized and characterized. One of the triads is a linear D-A structure with one BODIPY (D) and one porphyrin (A) bridged by the triazine linker and the other one is a branched A-D4 structure with the porphyrin core linked to four BODIPY units. The triads show extended absorption in the visible region with contributions from both porphyrin (Soret band centred at 410–430 nm) and BODIPY units (strong absorption at ≈ 502 nm) in good agreement with the expected molar ratio. Both triads exhibit linear and nonlinear optical properties featuring an efficient energy transfer from the BODIPY donor to the porphyrin acceptor. The nonlinear upconverted emission properties of the triads were studied by two-photon excitation in the Near-infrared (NIR, 710–930 nm). The maximum two-photon absorption cross-section values for the triads (40–70 GM) are larger than those typically reported in this wavelength range for porphyrins and BODIPY. Both the green emission of BODIPY (≈514 nm) and the red emission of porphyrins (650–750 nm) were observed under NIR excitation at 930 nm. The distinct features of triads, namely i) an extended absorption; ii) an efficient energy transfer and iii) the nonlinear upconverted emission featuring a large separation between the excitation and emission wavelengths could be beneficial for application in sensing and imaging procedures.publishe

The Project PTDC/CTE-GIX/098968/2008 - High resolution stratigraphy of the Lower Jurassic organic-rich marine series in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal): Initial expectations and results

Apresenta-se neste trabalho uma caracterização e os principais resultados do Projecto “Estratigrafia de alta resolução das séries marinhas ricas em matéria orgânica do Jurássico Inferior da Bacia Lusitânica”, financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal). Este projecto centrou-se numa análise estratigráfica multidisciplinar baseada num vasto conjunto de parâmetros bióticos e abióticos da sucessão margo-calcária rica em matéria orgânica do Jurássico Inferior da bacia, envolvendo sete objetivos principais: 1. Análise sedimentológica (mineralógica, textural e composicional) e sequencial da sucessão hemipelágica do Jurássico Inferior (Sinemuriano superior–Toarciano); 2. Precisões biostratigráficas a partir do registo de amonóides do intervalo compreendido entre o Sinemuriano superior e o Pliensbaquiano superior; 3. Análise paleontológica e paleoecológica da macrofauna bentónica (fundamentalmente braquiópodes e bivalves); 4. Análise biostratigráfica, taxonómica e paleoecológica da fauna de ostracodos (Sinemuriano–Toarciano); 5. Análise quimiostratigráfica baseada principalmente nos isótopos estáveis de carbono (Sinemuriano–Pliensbaquiano); 6. Análise geoquímica e de petrografia orgânica (carbono orgânico total, pirólise Rock-Eval e biomarcadores) do Sinemuriano–Pliensbaquiano; 7. Análise dos padrões de variação dos raios gama (Sinemuriano–Toarciano.This work presents the main results of the Project ”High resolution stratigraphy of the Lower Jurassic organic-rich marine series in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal)”, supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. This project was focused on a multidisciplinary stratigraphic analysis based on the study of a range of biotic and abiotic parameters of the Lower Jurassic marl–limestone succession rich in organic matter, embracing seven main objectives: 1. Sedimentological (mineralogical, textural and compositional) and sequential analysis of the whole Lower Jurassic hemipelagic succession (Upper Sinemurian–Toarcian); 2. Ammonite biostratigraphic precisions of the Upper Sinemurian and Upper Pliensbachian; 3. Palaeontological and palaeoecological analysis of the benthic macrofauna (especially brachiopods and bivalves); 4. Biostratigraphical, taxonomic and palaeoecological analysis of the ostracod fauna (Sinemurian–Toarcian); 5. Chemostratigraphic analysis based mainly on carbon stable isotopes (Sinemurian–Pliensbachian); 6. Organic geochemical and petrographic analysis (total organic carbon, palynofacies, Rock-Eval pyrolysis and biomarkers) of the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian; 7. Vertical variation patterns of gamma-ray analysis (Sinemurian–Toarcian). Besides the new results in each specific scientific domain (for example, biostratigraphy, palaeoecology, sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy and cyclicity, chemostratigraphy and organic geochemistry), the integration of all data, in several cases at highresolution level, allows emphasizing the achievement of two main transverse goals: the improvement of the stratigraphy and sedimentary knowledge of the Lower Jurassic series of western Iberia margin, with implications in the palaoenvironmental and palaeoceanographic interpretations of the Tethyan pre-Atlantic basins dynamics and global correlation; taking into consideration the huge number of organic geochemical parameters analyzed, the results of this research contributed significantly to understand the role of the different Sinemurian and Pliensbachian organic-rich intervals as potential hydrocarbon generation sources (quality of organic matter and maturation).Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (COMPETE- FEDER)Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)pu

Computed tomography image quality of aortic stents in patients with aortic coarctation: a multicentre evaluation

Background: Stents are commonly used to treat aortic coarctation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the post-implantation computed tomography (CT) image quality of different stent types used to treat aortic coarctation. Methods: Adult and paediatric patients with stent-treated aortic coarctation who underwent contrast-enhanced CT were retrospectively included from three tertiary care centres. CT scans were subjectively scored for image quality using a 4-point scale (1 = unacceptable; 2 = poor; 3 = good; 4 = excellent). Furthermore, the amount of stent-induced blooming artefacts was measured as the percentage of the difference between outer and inner stent diameters over the outer stent diameter. Results: A total of 35 children and 34 adults implanted with 71 stents of six different types were included. The most commonly used stent type was the Cheatham Platinum stent (52 stents, 73%). The subjective image quality of the Cheatham Platinum stents was moderate with a score of 2.0±0.8 (mean ± standard deviation) in children and 2.3±0.6 in adults. The image quality in patients with Formula stents was 2.3±1.2. The Cheatham Platinum stents induced 34–48% blooming, the Formula stents 44–55%. The image quality in patients with the less commonly used Atrium Advanta V12, IntraStent, AndraStent and Palmaz stents was scored 3 (good) to 4 (excellent) with less blooming. The electrocardiographic gating and tube voltage (kVp) did not affect image quality. Conclusions: There is a substantial variation in CT image quality a