773 research outputs found
Dynamic of Native Pasture Influenced by Deferment of Grazing and Fertilization
Native pastures of southern Brazil cover 12 million ha and are the main forage feed resource for most domestic livestock. However, their heavy and continuous use has reduced standing biomass and the presence of good forage species, reducing animal performance and jeopardizing the ecosystem sustainability. An alternative for better use of these pastures and their preservation is grazing deferment that allow natural reseeding. The objective of this research was evaluate native pasture dynamic after six years of grazing deferments (GD) periods and soil fertilization effects by point-quadrat method every season. All pasture components were affected by GD, with prostrate grasses increasing their frequency (P \u3c 0.05) under continuous grazing while periods of rest encouraged erect plants. Fertilization improved pasture condition by reducing frequencies of no forage species, litter and bare soil, and increasing frequencies and dry matter contribution of good ones like native legumes, especially Desmodium incanum
Prediction of Environmental Benefits Introducing Hybrid-Electric Propulsion on Regional Aircraft
Simulation of abdominal MRI sequences in a computational 4D phantom for MRI-guided radiotherapy
Investigation on virucidal activity of chlorine dioxide. Experimental data on Feline calicivirus, HAV and Coxsackie B5
Introduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy
of ClO2 with regard to viruses which show a particular resistance
to oxidizing agent such as HAV and Norwalk and Norwalk-like
viruses, and which play an important role in the epidemiology of
viral foodborne diseases.
In the food industry, disinfection of processing systems and equipment
is a very important instrument to prevent secondary contamination
and to guarantee food safety. Among disinfectants,
chlorine dioxide (ClO2) presents a good efficacy at wide range
of pH values, its action is rapid and generates few reaction byproducts
if compared to hypoclorite. Experimental studies have
highlighted that ClO2 shows a good bactericidal activity and it is
also active towards viruses. Furthermore, the low concentrations
and low contact times required to obtain microbial load reduction
are favourable elements for the application of this compound in
the industrial sanitizing practices.
Methods. As it is impossible to cultivate the Norwalk virus in vitro,
we tested the resistance of Feline calicivirus (F9 strain) vs. ClO2, in
comparison with HAV (strain HM-175) and CoxsackieB5. Chlorine
dioxide was used at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 mg/l in
water solution, at pH 7 and at +20 °C. Viral suspensions were added
to disinfecting solution and, at pre-set times, were sampled to undergo
to titration after blocking the disinfectant action with thiosulphate 0.05
M. On the basis of the data obtained, for each virus and in relation
to different concentrations, mean reduction times were calculated for
99%, 99.9% and 99.99% using the regression analysis model.
Results. As regards Feline calicivirus, at a concentration of 0.8
mg/l of ClO2, we obtained the complete elimination of the viral
titre in 2 min while 30 min were required at concentrations of 0.2
mg/l. Coxackie B5 showed a similar behaviour, being completely
inactivated in 4 min with 0.4 mg/l of ClO2 and after 30 min at a
concentration of 0.2 mg/l. Inactivation was quicker for HAV, which
was eliminated after only 30 sec at a concentration of 0.8 mg/l and
after 5 min at 0.4 mg/l.
Conclusion. Our data show that for complete inactivation of HAV
and Feline calicivirus, concentrations ? 0.6 mg/l are required.
This observation is true for Coxsackie B5 too, but this virus has
shown a good sensitivity at all concentration tested according to
regression analysis results. For Feline calicivirus and HAV, at
low concentrations of disinfectant, prolonged contact times were
needed to obtain a 99.99% reduction of viral titres (about 16 and
20 minutes respectively)
Retrospective analysis of treatment plan robustness in image-guided carbon ion treatment of skull base tumors.
Herbage Allowance and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Morphological Characteristics of \u3ci\u3ePaspalum notatum\u3c/i\u3e FlĂĽgge
The grazing study was conducted at the Estação Experimental Agronomica – UFRGS, 30o S, on a native pasture, to evaluate the leaf area index and structural morphological traits of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fl.), within the requirements of a Central Composite Rotatable experimental design, providing for equal precision, with two blocks, encompassing two factors at five levels each, namely: Herbage Allowance (HA) = 4.0; 5.5; 9.0; 12.5 and 14.0 kg green dry matter per 100 kg liveweight per day (% LW), in association with Nitrogen (N) fertilization levels of 0; 30; 100; 170 and 200 kg ha-1 as urea, The leaf length and leaf area index (LAI) were increased as HA and N levels increased. The tiller density was increased at higher HA where the N contribution showed to be more effective. More lenient grazing also increased leaf life span and leaf lamina length, while N promoted canopy density and reduced leaf life span and number of leaves per tiller. The higher LAI values developed were accomplished by reduced tiller densities that supported small number of leaves per tiller, with increased leaf sizes
Overexpression, purification and crystallization of a choline-binding protein CbpI from Streptococcus pneumoniae
The choline-binding protein CbpI from S. pneumoniae has been purified and crystallized and diffraction data have been collected to 3.5 Å resolution
Consideration of Technology Scalability in the Design of Electric Propulsion System Architectures
On the Optimal Preliminary Design of High-Altitude Airships: Automated Procedure and the Effect of Constraints
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