Prosudba patoloških nalaza spolnih organa svinja s reprodukcijskim poremećajima

The purpose of our research was to define changes in sows culled due to reproductive disturbances of genital organs, to evaluate functional condition of the ovaries and the stage of reproductive cycle. In order to study these parameters, 60 sows with disturbed reproductive cycles, Lithuanian White × Danish Landrace (LWxDL) and purebred Danish Landrace (DLxDL) were slaughtered. After slaughtering, the reproductive organs of all the sows were evaluated and it was concluded that 80% of the culled sows’ ovaries continued to be active and an anoestrus stage was defined in 20% of the sows. Multiple follicular cysts were found in 3.33% of all culled sows. It was defined that the total count of follicles in both ovaries had no statistically reliable effect on the weight of genital organs, while the CL count greatly affected not only the weight of the genital organs but the stage of the sexual cycle (P≤0.001), the consistency of the cervix (P≤0.01) and vice versa. The average weight of the genital organs varied, depending on the sexual stage (P≤0.05) Our experiments proved that post-mortem examination of genital organs in sows and palpation of the uterus cervix are effective methods of defining the stage of sexual cycle and important diagnostic tools in the evaluation of reproductive disturbances.Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je ustanoviti promjene na spolnim organima krmača izlučenima zbog reprodukcijskih poremećaja, procijeniti funkcionalnu sposobnost jajnika i stupanj spolnoga ciklusa. Ukupno je bilo zaklano 60 krmača s poremećenim spolnim ciklusom pasmine danski landras (DL×DL) i križane litavske bijele svinje s danskim landrasom. Nakon klanja pretraženi su bili spolni organi svih krmača te je zaključeno da je 80% jajnika izlučenih krmača bilo aktivno, dok je anestrus ustanovljen u 20% krmača. Multiple folikulske ciste ustanovljene su u 3,33% izlučenih krmača. Ukupan broj folikula na oba jajnika nije imao statistički značajnog učinka na masu spolnih organa, dok je broj CL imao značajan učinak ne samo na masu spolnih organa nego i na stupanj spolnoga ciklusa (P≤0,001), konzistenciju materničnoga grljka (P≤0,01) i obratno. Prosječna masa spolnih organa razlikovala se ovisno o stupnju spolnoga ciklusa (P≤0,05). Ovim istraživanjem pokazano je da su post mortem pretraga spolnih organa krmača i palpacija materničnoga grljka učinkovite metode za određivanje stupnja spolnoga ciklusa i važna dijagnostička metoda za prosudbu spolnih poremećaja

Prosudba patoloških nalaza spolnih organa svinja s reprodukcijskim poremećajima

The purpose of our research was to define changes in sows culled due to reproductive disturbances of genital organs, to evaluate functional condition of the ovaries and the stage of reproductive cycle. In order to study these parameters, 60 sows with disturbed reproductive cycles, Lithuanian White × Danish Landrace (LWxDL) and purebred Danish Landrace (DLxDL) were slaughtered. After slaughtering, the reproductive organs of all the sows were evaluated and it was concluded that 80% of the culled sows’ ovaries continued to be active and an anoestrus stage was defined in 20% of the sows. Multiple follicular cysts were found in 3.33% of all culled sows. It was defined that the total count of follicles in both ovaries had no statistically reliable effect on the weight of genital organs, while the CL count greatly affected not only the weight of the genital organs but the stage of the sexual cycle (P≤0.001), the consistency of the cervix (P≤0.01) and vice versa. The average weight of the genital organs varied, depending on the sexual stage (P≤0.05) Our experiments proved that post-mortem examination of genital organs in sows and palpation of the uterus cervix are effective methods of defining the stage of sexual cycle and important diagnostic tools in the evaluation of reproductive disturbances.Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je ustanoviti promjene na spolnim organima krmača izlučenima zbog reprodukcijskih poremećaja, procijeniti funkcionalnu sposobnost jajnika i stupanj spolnoga ciklusa. Ukupno je bilo zaklano 60 krmača s poremećenim spolnim ciklusom pasmine danski landras (DL×DL) i križane litavske bijele svinje s danskim landrasom. Nakon klanja pretraženi su bili spolni organi svih krmača te je zaključeno da je 80% jajnika izlučenih krmača bilo aktivno, dok je anestrus ustanovljen u 20% krmača. Multiple folikulske ciste ustanovljene su u 3,33% izlučenih krmača. Ukupan broj folikula na oba jajnika nije imao statistički značajnog učinka na masu spolnih organa, dok je broj CL imao značajan učinak ne samo na masu spolnih organa nego i na stupanj spolnoga ciklusa (P≤0,001), konzistenciju materničnoga grljka (P≤0,01) i obratno. Prosječna masa spolnih organa razlikovala se ovisno o stupnju spolnoga ciklusa (P≤0,05). Ovim istraživanjem pokazano je da su post mortem pretraga spolnih organa krmača i palpacija materničnoga grljka učinkovite metode za određivanje stupnja spolnoga ciklusa i važna dijagnostička metoda za prosudbu spolnih poremećaja

Changes in genital organs in sows during estrus cycle

The purpose of the present investigation was to define the changes in genital organs of sows that we culled for the reasons of reproductive failure, as well as to assess the functional condition of their ovaries and the stage of reproductive cycle after slaughtering. In order to study these parameters 60 of 3-4th farrowing sows with disturbed reproductive cycle of purebred Danish Landrace (DL) and crossbred native Lithuanian White and Danish Landrace (LWxDL) were slaughtered. Reproductive organs of all the slaughtered sows were evaluated and in 80% of the animals ovaries were active, though and anestrus stage was defined in 20% of sows. The ovaries of the anestrus sows were not active, small in size, hard, with no corpora lutea and with very small <4 mm in diameter follicles. In some cases follicles were very small, or even inseparable from the surface of the ovaries overgrown by the connective tissue. Multiple follicular cysts were found in 3.33% of all culled sows. The lowest weight of the uterus was found in anestrus sows and the highest - in the late diestrus – 609.27 g and 1457.48 g respectively. Post-mortem examination revealed that 63% of sows that failed to develop visible estrus signs, and 93.9% of these sows that failed to conceive after repeated inseminations had cyclically active ovaries. We suggest that post-mortem examination of genital organs in sows and palpation of the uterus cervix are quite effective methods in order to define the stage of sexual cycle and important diagnostic tools for the evaluation of reproductive disturbances

VEGF-B, VEGF-A, FLT-1, KDR, ERBB2, EGFR, GRB2, RAC1, CDH1 and HYAL-1 Genes Expression Analysis in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors and the Association with Tumor ClinicoPathological Parameters and Dog Breed Assessment

Canine mammary gland tumors (CMTs) are one of the most prevalent cancers in dogs and a good model for human breast cancer (BC), however gene expression analysis of CMTs is scarce. Although divergence of genes expression has been found in BC of different human races, no such research of different dog’s breeds has been done. The purpose of this study was to investigate expression of the VEGF-B, VEGF-A, FLT-1, KDR, ERBB2, EGFR, GRB2, RAC1, CDH1 and HYAL-1 genes of canine mammary carcinomas, compare the expression levels with clinicopathological parameters and analyze expression disparities between different breeds. Carcinomas and adjacent tissues were collected from female dogs to perform routine histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We found that VEGF-B and EGFR genes were overexpressed in the mammary gland carcinomas compared to adjacent tissue. VEGF-B gene expression had associations with different parameters (tumor size, grade, and absence of metastasis). Furthermore, differences in VEGF-B, FLT1, ERBB2, GRB2, RAC1, CDH1 and HYAL-1 genes expression have been found in different breed dogs (German Shepherd, Yorkshire Terrier) and mixed-breed dogs indicating that a dog’s breed could determine a molecular difference, outcome of cancer and should be accounted as a confounding factor in the future gene expression research

Agreement of different methods for assessment of progesterone concentrations in beef cattle serum

Progesterone (P4) is responsible for the main reproduction processes. Concentration of P4 varies widely among different determination methods, and interpretation of these values may be difficult. The objective of the current study was to assess the agreement of three different enzyme immunoassays (ELISA) in relation to radioimmunoassay (RIA) of P4 concentration assessment of beef cow serum samples. Samples were collected randomly considering high (pregnant cows) and low (non-pregnant cows) P4 concentrations. Depending on the P4 assessment method, four groups were created as follows: Group 1 – direct samples assessed by ELISA, Group 2 – extracted samples assessed by ELISA, Group 3 – samples assessed by automated ELISA, and Group 4 – samples assessed by RIA. The mean progesterone concentration was 4.50 ng/mL, 1.24 ng/mL, 4.07 ng/mL and 4.39 ng/mL from Group 1 to Group 4, respectively. The mean difference (MD) between Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 individually compared with Group 4 was −0.10 ± 1.24 ng/mL, 3.15 ± 3.58 ng/mL and 0.33 ± 1.42 ng/mL, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the differences (s) was from −0.99 to 0.78 ng/mL, from 0.59 to 5.71 ng/mL, and from −0.69 to 1.34 ng/mL, respectively. The confidence interval for the lower and upper limit of the agreement ranged from −4.12 to −1.05 ng/mL and from 0.84 to 3.91 ng/mL between Group 1 and Group 4, from −8.45 to 0.42 ng/ mL and from 5.88 to 14.75 ng/mL between Group 2 and Group 4, from −4.29 to −0.76 ng/mL, and from 1.41 to 4.94 ng/mL between Group 3 and Group 4. Our findings show that the best agreement with RIA was observed for Group 1 and Group 3, while the agreement in the extraction method was least accurate