q Dependence of Self-Energy Effects of the Plane Oxygen Vibration in YBa₂Cu₃O₇

We have measured the temperature dependence of the peak position and linewidth of the 42.5 meV phonon branch in a twinned single crystal of YBa2Cu3O7 as a function of wave vector q. In the 100/010 direction in the Brillouin zone, considerable softening and broadening occur below the superconducting transition temperature Tc at some values of q. We observe an order of magnitude smaller softening and no linewidth broadening for q in the 110/110 direction. Possible implications of these findings for the symmetry of the superconducting order parameter are discussed

Genome editing and the status of the human embryo in vitro

Introduction. The article discusses the nature of the next challenge faced by Russian society in connection with the development of genomic technologies. It is noted that the emergence of human embryo genome editing technology has brought to life proposals for its legal regulation, but insufficient attention is still paid to the issue of the status of the embryo. Theoretical analysis. The recent emergence of the technology of human embryo genome editing makes the issue of the status of the embryo in vitro relevant. The complexity of its solution stems from the legacy of the Soviet era, which legalized a woman’s right to abortion and the possibility of unimpeded medical intervention in the life of a child long before its birth. It appears that over time a solution to this issue could be found. The basis for this could be the convergence of the positions of scientists and representatives of the Orthodox Church on the issue of the beginning of human life, as well as proposals from lawyers to reform the system of legislation in those parts that relate to the protection of the rights of a child before its birth and the definition of the status of the embryo as a special legal phenomenon. Conclusions. A solution to the issue of in vitro embryo status can be achieved by bringing together all groups of the expert community

Phonon and Magnetic Neutron Scattering at 41 Mev in YBa₂Cu₃O₇

We report inelastic neutron scattering measurements at excitation energies Latin small letter h with strokeω~41 meV in YBa2Cu3O7. We separate magnetic and phonon contributions to the scattering cross section by a detailed analysis of the momentum dependence of the scattered intensity. The previously reported broad peak around q=(π/a,π/a) in the normal state can be entirely accounted for by a phonon which primarily involves vibrations of the in-plane oxygen. Magnetic scattering centered around 41 meV and q=(π/a,π/a) appears in the superconducting state only. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed

High Resolution Inelastic Neutron Scattering Study of Phonon Self-Energy Effects in YBCO

We report preliminary results of the high resolution inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the 42.5 meV optical phonon branch in YBCO, whose behavior at momentum transfer q=0 has been extensively studied by Raman scattering. The experiment was done on a large (75g) single crystal of YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc~90K) with the resolution of 2 meV (full width at half maximum). In cooling from 100K to 50K we observe a small softening of the phonon energy at q= 0.25, 0.25, 0, but no significant linewidth change

Resonant Neutron Scattering from YBa₂Cu₃O₇

We have developed a new scattering geometry for magnetic neutron scattering experiments on YBa2Cu3O7 in which the phonon background around q ~ ( π a, π a), ω ~ 40meV is significantly reduced. We use this new approach to study the previously detected sharp magnetic excitation at ~ 40meV in the superconducting state in detail. The excitation does not shift substantially in energy up to at least 75K. (~0.8Tc). Polarized neutron scattering experiments (horizontal minus vertical field) confirm the magnetic origin of the 40meV excitation and put stringent limits on the magnetic scattering intensity in the normal state

Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (THEMIS-PCI) : a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial

Background: Patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes with previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly those with previous stenting, are at high risk of ischaemic events. These patients are generally treated with aspirin. In this trial, we aimed to investigate if these patients would benefit from treatment with aspirin plus ticagrelor. Methods: The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) was a phase 3 randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, done in 1315 sites in 42 countries. Patients were eligible if 50 years or older, with type 2 diabetes, receiving anti-hyperglycaemic drugs for at least 6 months, with stable coronary artery disease, and one of three other mutually non-exclusive criteria: a history of previous PCI or of coronary artery bypass grafting, or documentation of angiographic stenosis of 50% or more in at least one coronary artery. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ticagrelor or placebo, by use of an interactive voice-response or web-response system. The THEMIS-PCI trial comprised a prespecified subgroup of patients with previous PCI. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (measured in the intention-to-treat population). Findings: Between Feb 17, 2014, and May 24, 2016, 11 154 patients (58% of the overall THEMIS trial) with a history of previous PCI were enrolled in the THEMIS-PCI trial. Median follow-up was 3·3 years (IQR 2·8–3·8). In the previous PCI group, fewer patients receiving ticagrelor had a primary efficacy outcome event than in the placebo group (404 [7·3%] of 5558 vs 480 [8·6%] of 5596; HR 0·85 [95% CI 0·74–0·97], p=0·013). The same effect was not observed in patients without PCI (p=0·76, p interaction=0·16). The proportion of patients with cardiovascular death was similar in both treatment groups (174 [3·1%] with ticagrelor vs 183 (3·3%) with placebo; HR 0·96 [95% CI 0·78–1·18], p=0·68), as well as all-cause death (282 [5·1%] vs 323 [5·8%]; 0·88 [0·75–1·03], p=0·11). TIMI major bleeding occurred in 111 (2·0%) of 5536 patients receiving ticagrelor and 62 (1·1%) of 5564 patients receiving placebo (HR 2·03 [95% CI 1·48–2·76], p<0·0001), and fatal bleeding in 6 (0·1%) of 5536 patients with ticagrelor and 6 (0·1%) of 5564 with placebo (1·13 [0·36–3·50], p=0·83). Intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 33 (0·6%) and 31 (0·6%) patients (1·21 [0·74–1·97], p=0·45). Ticagrelor improved net clinical benefit: 519/5558 (9·3%) versus 617/5596 (11·0%), HR=0·85, 95% CI 0·75–0·95, p=0·005, in contrast to patients without PCI where it did not, p interaction=0·012. Benefit was present irrespective of time from most recent PCI. Interpretation: In patients with diabetes, stable coronary artery disease, and previous PCI, ticagrelor added to aspirin reduced cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, although with increased major bleeding. In that large, easily identified population, ticagrelor provided a favourable net clinical benefit (more than in patients without history of PCI). This effect shows that long-term therapy with ticagrelor in addition to aspirin should be considered in patients with diabetes and a history of PCI who have tolerated antiplatelet therapy, have high ischaemic risk, and low bleeding risk