Effect of incorporation of some wastes on a wheat-guar rotation system on soil physical and chemical properties

Abstract Background Improving levels of organic matter in desert soils is necessary for their cultivation. A two-year study (2008 to 2010) was conducted on a sandy clay loam soil at the experimental research farm of the Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan to determine the effect of application of crop residue, sewage sludge, and humentos on selected soil properties in wheat-guar crop rotation system. Treatments were recommended inorganic fertilizer (125 kg N ha−1 and 92 kg P ha−1), recommended inorganic fertilizer with crop residues, crop residue, sewage sludge (10 t ha−1), humentos soil conditioner (200 L ha−1), and control. Results Results showed that soil physical properties were not significantly changed except soil water holding capacity. Application of crop residues with recommended fertilizer and sewage sludge for three seasons significantly increased cation exchange capacity and organic carbon by 57.15 % to 60.95 % and 61.0 % to 65.2 %, respectively. Moreover, combined application of crop residues with recommended inorganic fertilizer and sewage sludge had significantly decreased topsoil pH. Conclusions The results showed that judicious combined application of organic wastes with inorganic fertilizers could be a useful practice in sustaining fertility of poor sandy soils. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions Rezig F.A.M she is the main author and did the field and laboratory job and drafted the manscript. Elhadi, E.A particpate in some field work, statstical analysis and participate in correction of the manscript. Mubarak, A. R He is the main supervisor and draft the proposal and participate in the correction of the manscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. </jats:sec

Impact of Deficit Irrigation (DI) and Root-Zone Drying Irrigation Technique (PRD) under Different Nitrogen Rates on Radiation Use Efficiency for Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) in Semi-arid Conditions (II)

The study was carried out at the Technical Center of Potato and Artichoke CTPTA located in the lower valley of Medjerda river of Tunisia during the season of 2017. The purpose was to estimate the impact of deficit irrigation (DI) and the root-zone drying irrigation technique (PRD) under different nitrogen rates on photo synthetically active radiation absorbed and radiation use efficiency for Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L. VS. Spunta). Three water treatments (T1= 100% ETC, T2 = DI = 75% ETC and T3 = PRD50) and three nitrogen rates (F1 = N150: 150 kg N ha-1, F2 = N75: 75kg N ha-1, F3 = N0: 0kg N ha-1) were applied since the tuber initiation (55 days after planting) to maturity (100 days after planting). The deficit irrigation T2 has no effect on PARabs. Besides, the PRD50 has led to a reduction in PARabs. This decrease compare to T1 was equal to (8.9; 9.9 and 7.9%) respectively for the three treatments (F1; F2 and F3). The nitrogen deficit affects negatively the PARabs. An improvement of 13.2%, 11.2% and 12.2% of the F1 compared to the F3, respectively for the three water treatments (T1, T2 and T3). The T2 has no effect on RUE TDM. Conversely, the PRD50 has led to a reduction in RUE TDM. This decline referee against T1 was equal to (12.7; 17.4 and 21.5%) respectively for the three treatments (F1; F2 and F3). For RUEGY statistical analysis showed significant (P &lt; 0.05) difference between the three irrigation treatments (T0, T1 and T2) for the three nitrogen treatments (F1; F2 and F3). The T2 and the PRD50 has led to a reduction in RUE GY. This decrease judge against T1 respectively for the two treatments (F2 and F3) was equal to (14.9 and 21.5%) and (19.6 and 31.2%)

Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Root-Zone Drying Irrigation Technique under Different Nitrogen Rates on Water Use Efficiency for Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) in Semi-arid Conditions (I)

An investigation was carried out at the Technical Center of Potato and Artichoke CTPTA in the region of Saida, located in the lower valley of Medjerda river during the season of 2017. The objective was to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and the root-zone drying irrigation technique (PRD) under different nitrogen rates on total dry matter production (TDM), water consumption (WC) and water use efficiency of potato (Solanum Tuberosum L. VS. Spunta). Three water treatments (T1 = FI = 100% ETC, T2 = DI = 75% ETC and T3 = PRD50) and three nitrogen rates (F1 = N150: 150 kg N ha-1, F2 = N75: 75kg N ha-1, F3 = N0: 0kg N ha-1) were applied since the tuber initiation (55 days after planting) to maturity (100 days after planting). The results showed that the water regime affected negatively the total dry matter accumulation. A decline of 7 and 18.6% was registered in the two treatments T2 and T3 compared to the control T1. The WC decreased during water restriction respectively by 16; 33 and 29% for the T2 and T3 (PRD50 left) and T3 (PRD50 right) compared to T1. For the three nitrogen treatments (F1, F2 and F3) the water restriction has increased the WUE. The best values was recorded in the treatment T2 and then in the treatment T3 from where this increase compared to T1 was equal to (22.6% and 12.9%), (24.1% and 12, 4%) and (21.9% and 15.3%) respectively

Gender, resources and attitudes toward marital role equality : a comparison of Algerian and American students.

PsychologyDoctor of Philosophy (PhD

Online Data Cleaning

Data-centric applications have never been more ubiquitous in our lives, e.g., search engines, route navigation and social media. This has brought along a new age where digital data is at the core of many decisions we make as individuals, e.g., looking for the most scenic route to plan a road trip, or as professionals, e.g., analysing customers’ transactions to predict the best time to restock different products. However, the surge in data generation has also led to creating massive amounts of dirty data, i.e., inaccurate or redundant data. Using dirty data to inform business decisions comes with dire consequences, for instance, an IBM report estimates that dirty data costs the U.S. $3.1 trillion a year. Dirty data is the product of many factors which include data entry errors and integration of several data sources. Data integration of multiple sources is especially prone to producing dirty data. For instance, while individual sources may not have redundant data, they often carry redundant data across each other. Furthermore, different data sources may obey different business rules (sometimes not even known) which makes it challenging to reconcile the integrated data. Even if the data is clean at the time of the integration, data updates would compromise its quality over time. There is a wide spectrum of errors that can be found in the data, e,g, duplicate records, missing values, obsolete data, etc. To address these problems, several data cleaning efforts have been proposed, e.g., record linkage to identify duplicate records, data fusion to fuse duplicate data items into a single representation and enforcing integrity constraints on the data. However, most existing efforts make two key assumptions: (1) Data cleaning is done in one shot; and (2) The data is available in its entirety. Those two assumptions do not hold in our age where data is highly volatile and integrated from several sources. This calls for a paradigm shift in approaching data cleaning: it has to be made iterative where data comes in chunks and not all at once. Consequently, cleaning the data should not be repeated from scratch whenever the data changes, but instead, should be done only for data items affected by the updates. Moreover, the repair should be computed effciently to support applications where cleaning is performed online (e.g. query time data cleaning). In this dissertation, we present several proposals to realize this paradigm for two major types of data errors: duplicates and integrity constraint violations. We frst present a framework that supports online record linkage and fusion over Web databases. Our system processes queries posted to Web databases. Query results are deduplicated, fused and then stored in a cache for future reference. The cache is updated iteratively with new query results. This effort makes it possible to perform record linkage and fusion effciently, but also effectively, i.e., the cache contains data items seen in previous queries which are jointly cleaned with incoming query results. To address integrity constraints violations, we propose a novel way to approach Functional Dependency repairs, develop a new class of repairs and then demonstrate it is superior to existing efforts, in runtime and accuracy. We then show how our framework can be easily tuned to work iteratively to support online applications. We implement a proof-ofconcept query answering system to demonstrate the iterative capability of our system

Necessity of informing the patient: An analytical study

تتناول هذه الدراسة ماهية وطبيعة الالتزام بتبصير المريض باعتباره واجباً قانونيا على الطبيب بمناسبة عقد العلاج الطبي. وتهدف الدراسة إلى تحديد المركز القانوني لكل من الطبيب والمريض باعتبارهما الطرفين الأساسيين في عقد العلاج الطبي. وتستعرض الدراسة ماهية الالتزام بالتبصير من حيث طبيعته، ونطاقه، وأشكاله وتطبيقاته. وتستند الدراسة، لتحقيق الهدف الذي تسعى إليه، إلى نصوص التشريع، وآراء الفقهاء، وأحكام القضاء.The present study focuses on the essence and nature of a doctor's commitment to inform the patient. Its aim is to determine clearly the legal status of the doctor and the patient as the two principal parties in the medical treatment contract. It examines the above mentioned commitment in terms of nature, scope, form and application. The study, to achieve its aim, refers, in general context, to a number of relevant laws, opinions of great scholars, and certain judicial verdict

Incorporation of capric acid in pumpkin seed oil by sn-1,3 regioselective lipase-catalyzed acidolysis

Structured lipids (SLs) are novel triacylglycerols obtained by changing the native fatty acid (FA) profiles or by the incorporation of a new desired FA in the acylglycerol backbone. These modified fats present important medical and functional properties for food applications. This work aimed to synthetize a MLM-type SL, which consists of triacylglycerols containing a medium-chain FA (M) at sn-1,3 positions and a long-chain FA (L) at sn-2 position, by acidolysis of pumpkin seed oil with capric acid, catalyzed by a commercial lipase preparation from Thermomyces lanuginosa (Lipozyme TL IM). Reactions were performed at 45 degrees C, in solvent-free media, at 1: 2 molar ratio (pumpkin seed oil: capric acid) and a fixed amount of immobilized lipase of 5%, 10%, 15% or 20%. Incorporations of C10: 0 increased with time up to 31 h (29.9 +/- 0.7 mol-%) when 5% lipase load was used. Significant differences were only observed between the results obtained with 5 and 20% of biocatalyst load. The subsequent experiment was carried out with 5% lipase load, at 45 degrees C, 1: 2 molar ratio and in the presence of n-hexane. The results showed slightly higher incorporation yields in the presence of solvent, namely at 48 h-reaction (34.7 +/- 1.0 mol-%). However, since the structured lipids are to be used in food products, together with environmental and economic concerns, solvent-free systems are preferred. In this study, the synthesis of a MLM-type SL from pumpkin seed oil for food uses was well succeeded