6 research outputs found
Organ Printing as an Information Technology
Organ printing is defined as a layer by layer additive robotic computer-aided biofabrication of functional 3D organ constructs
with using self-assembling tissue spheroids according to digital model. Information technology and computer-aided design
softwares are instrumental in the transformation of virtual 3D bioimaging information about human tissue and organs into living
biological reality during 3D bioprinting. Information technology enables design blueprints for bioprinting of human organs as
well as predictive computer simulation both printing and post-printing processes. 3D bioprinting is now considered as an
emerging information technology and the effective application of existing information technology tools and development of new
technological platforms such as human tissue and organ informatics, design automation, virtual human organs, virtual organ
biofabrication line, mathematical modeling and predictive computer simulations of bioprinted tissue fusion and maturation is an
important technological imperative for advancing organ bioprinting
Nanotechnological Strategies for Biofabrication of Human Organs
Nanotechnology is a rapidly emerging technology dealing with so-called nanomaterials which at least in one dimension have size
smaller than 100 nm. One of the most potentially promising applications of nanotechnology is in the area of tissue engineering,
including biofabrication of 3D human tissues and organs. This paper focused on demonstrating how nanomaterials with nanolevel
size can contribute to development of 3D human tissues and organs which have macrolevel organization. Specific nanomaterials
such as nanofibers and nanoparticles are discussed in the context of their application for biofabricating 3D human tissues and
organs. Several examples of novel tissue and organ biofabrication technologies based on using novel nanomaterials are presented
and their recent limitations are analyzed. A robotic device for fabrication of compliant composite electrospun vascular graft is
described. The concept of self-assembling magnetic tissue spheroids as an intermediate structure between nano- and macrolevel
organization and building blocks for biofabrication of complex 3D human tissues and organs is introduced. The design of in
vivo robotic bioprinter based on this concept and magnetic levitation of tissue spheroids labeled with magnetic nanoparticles is
presented. The challenges and future prospects of applying nanomaterials and nanotechnological strategies in organ biofabrication
are outlined
The Design, Fabrication and Animal Testing of Patient Specific Porous Polyurethane Auricular Implant with Optimal Material Properties for Treatment of Microtia
Porous non-biodegradable polyethylene implants for treatment microtia have suboptimal
material properties. Additive manufacturing opens unique opportunities for rational design
and fabrication of patient specific biocompatible auricular implant with optimal material
properties maintainable after implantation. The patient specific porous polyurethane auricular
implant have been designed using laser scanner, finite element analysis, CAD software and
fabricated using fused deposition modeling. The material properties of human cadaveric
auricular cartilage and fabricated implants have been tested using three points flexure
method. The biocompatibility and maintainability of fabricated auricular implant size and
geometry have been texted in nude rats. The patient specific porous polyurethane auricular
implants have been fabricated using fused deposition modeling. The optimal material
properties comparable with native cadaveric human auricular cartilage have been achieved
using rational design approach based on finite element analysis. The original shape and
geometry of implant have been maintained up to 3 months after implantation with optimal
level of biocompatibility. The patient-specific biocompatible porous polyurethane auricular
implant with optimal material properties sustainable after implantation could be fabricated
using fused deposition modeling. The hydrid approach with simultaneous deposition of
hydrogel filaments containing chondrocytes between polyurethane filaments will enable
bioprinting of patient specific hybrid tissue engineered auricular implant with optimal and
maintainable material properties
3D Printing of Biocompatible Acellular Auricular Implant Using Dual Scaled Hydrid Technology Combining Fused Deposition Modeling with Electrospinning
The dual-scaled hydrid scaffold fabrication
technology based on combination of 3D printing
(fused deposition modeling) and electrospining have
been recently introduced. We report here the design,
fabrication, mechanical testing, in vitro and in vivo
biocompatibility testing of novel auricular implants
for treatment microtia fabricated by dual scaled
hydbrid scaffold fabrication technology
Burr-like, Laser-Made 3D Microscaffolds for Tissue Spheroid Encagement
The modeling, fabrication, cell loading, and mechanical and in vitro biological testing of
biomimetic, interlockable, laser-made, concentric 3D scaffolds are presented. The scaffolds are
made by multiphoton polymerization of an organic–inorganic zirconium silicate. Their mechanical
properties are theoretically modeled using finite elements analysis and experimentally measured
using a MicrosquisherVR . They are subsequently loaded with preosteoblastic cells, which remain live
after 24 and 72 h. The interlockable scaffolds have maintained their ability to fuse with tissue spheroids.
This work represents a novel technological platform, enabling the rapid, laser-based, in situ 3D
tissue biofabrication
Design, Physical Prototyping and Initial Characterization of “Lockyballs”
Directed tissue self-assembly or bottom-up modular approach in tissue biofabrication is
an attractive and potentially superior alternative to a classic top-down solid scaffoldbased
approach in tissue engineering. For example, rapidly emerging organ printing
technology using self-assembling tissue spheroids as building blocks is enabling a
computer-aided robotic bioprinting of 3D tissue constructs. However, achieving proper
material properties while maintaining desirable geometry and shape of 3D bioprinted
tissue engineered constructs using directed tissue self-assembly, is still a challenge.
Proponents of directed tissue self-assembly see solution of this problem in developing
methods of accelerated tissue maturation and/or using sacrificial temporal supporting of
removable hydrogels. In the meantime, there is a growing consensus that a third strategy
based on the integration of a directed tissue self-assembly approach with a conventional
solid scaffold-based approach could be a potential optimal solution. We hypothesize that
tissue spheroids with “velcro®-like” interlockable solid microscaffolds or simply
“lockyballs” could enable the rapid in vivo biofabrication of 3D tissue constructs at
desirable material properties and high initial cell density. Recently, biocompatible and
biodegradable photo-sensitive biomaterials could be fabricated at nanoscale resolution
using two-photon polymerization (2PP), a development rendering this technique a high
potential to fabricate “velcro-like” interlockable microscaffolds. Here we report design
studies, physical prototyping using 2PP and initial functional characterization of interlockable
solid microscaffolds or so-called “lockyballs”. 2PP was used as a novel enabling
platform technology for rapid bottom-up modular tissue biofabrication of interlockable
constructs. The principle of lockable tissue spheroids fabricated using the described
lockyballs as solid microscaffolds is characterized by attractive new functionalities such
as lockability and tunable material properties of the engineered constructs. It is
reasonable to predict that these building blocks create the basis for a development of a
clinical in vivo rapid biofabrication approach and forms part of recent promising
emerging bioprinting technologies