In the Search of Fundamental Inner Bond Strength of Solid Elements

In order to understand the physics behind the surface properties and nano-scale phenomena, we are motivated first to investigate the inner bond strengths as well as the effect of number of neighboring atoms and their relative distance in addition to space positions (crystallography). Therefore, in order to study the effect of the nature of metallic bond on their physico-chemical properties, we first tried to investigate and introduce a mathematical model for transforming the bulk molar cohesion energy into microscopic bond strengths between atoms. Then an algorithm for estimating the nature of bond type including the materials properties and lattice scale “cutoff” has been proposed. This leads to a new fundamental energy scale free from the crystallography and number of atoms. The results of our model in case of fundamental energy scale of metals not only perfectly describe the inter relation between binding and melting phenomena but also adequately reproduce the bond strength for different bond types with respect to other estimations reported in literatures. The generalized algorithm and calculation methodology introduced here by us are suggested to be used for developing energy scale of bulk crystal materials to explain or predict any particular materials properties related to bond strengths of metallic elements

In the Search of Fundamental Inner Bond Strength of Solid Elements

In order to understand the physics behind the surface properties and nano-scale phenomena, we are motivated first to investigate the inner bond strengths as well as the effect of number of neighboring atoms and their relative distance in addition to space positions (crystallography). Therefore, in order to study the effect of the nature of metallic bond on their physico-chemical properties, we first tried to investigate and introduce a mathematical model for transforming the bulk molar cohesion energy into microscopic bond strengths between atoms. Then an algorithm for estimating the nature of bond type including the materials properties and lattice scale “cutoff” has been proposed. This leads to a new fundamental energy scale free from the crystallography and number of atoms. The results of our model in case of fundamental energy scale of metals not only perfectly describe the inter relation between binding and melting phenomena but also adequately reproduce the bond strength for different bond types with respect to other estimations reported in literatures. The generalized algorithm and calculation methodology introduced here by us are suggested to be used for developing energy scale of bulk crystal materials to explain or predict any particular materials properties related to bond strengths of metallic elements

Fe Doping in TiO₂ via Anodic Dissolution of Iron: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrophoretic Deposition on a Metal Substrate

The tailored physical properties of TiO2 are of significant importance in various fields and, as such, numerous methods for modifying these properties have been introduced. In this study, we present a novel method for doping Fe into TiO2 via the anodic dissolution of iron. The optimal conditions were determined to be an application of 200 V to acetylacetone (acac)/EtOH medium for 10 min, followed by the addition of TiO2 to the solution, sonication for 30 min, stirring at 80 °C, and drying. The resulting powder was calcined at 400 °C for 3 h, and characterization was conducted using XRD, FTIR, TEM, and UV-vis. The synthesized powder revealed the successful doping of Fe into the TiO2 structure, resulting in a decrease in the optical band gap from 3.22 to 2.92 eV. The Fe-TiO2 was then deposited on a metal substrate via the electrophoretic (EPD) technique, and the weight of the deposited layer was measured as a function of the applied voltage and exposure time. FESEM images and EDX analysis confirmed that the deposited layer was nanostructured, with Fe evenly distributed throughout the structure

High quality factor microwave dielectric diopside glass-ceramics for the low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) applications

In the present work, microwave dielectric properties of CaO-MgO-SiO2 glass-ceramics based on the stoichiometric composition of diopside (CaMgSi2O6) were accurately investigated. The initial glass was prepared utilizing conventional melt quenching technique. Thermal properties of the milled glass particles were monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dilatometry and hot stage microcopy (HSM). Glass-ceramic specimens were prepared through simultaneous one-step sinter-crystallization procedure. In order to achieve high quality factor (high-Q) microwave dielectric properties, glass-ceramics were also prepared through two-step sintering technique. The crystallization behavior of the heat treated specimens was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Based on the obtained results, diopside precipitated as the only crystalline phase in all sintered glass-ceramics. Diopside glass-ceramics sintered through one-step (at 925 °C for 4 h) and two-step (at 800 °C for 4 h, then followed by heating at 950 °C for 2 h) procedures exhibited high-Q microwave dielectric of 56,952 GHz and 64,524 GHz, respectively. The degrees of crystallization and crystallite sizes of the glass-ceramics prepared from both sintering procedures were also characterized