Improving medical image perception by hierarchical clustering based segmentation

It has been well documented that radiologists' performance is not perfect: they make both false positive and false negative decisions. For example, approximately thirty percent of early lung cancer is missed on chest radiographs when the evidence is clearly visible in retrospect. Currently computer-aided detection (CAD) uses software, designed to reduce errors by drawing radiologists' attention to possible abnormalities by placing prompts on images. Alberdi et al examined the effects of CAD prompts on performance, comparing the negative effect of no prompt on a cancer case with prompts on a normal case. They showed that no prompt on a cancer case can have a detrimental effect on reader sensitivity and that the reader performs worse than if the reader was not using CAD. This became particularly apparent when difficult cases were being read. They suggested that the readers were using CAD as a decision making tool instead of a prompting aid. They conclude that "incorrect CAD can have a detrimental effect on human decisions". The goal of this paper is to explore the possibility of using hierarchical clustering based segmentation (HSC), as a perceptual aid, to improve the performance of the reader

Irreversibility in response to forces acting on graphene sheets

The amount of rippling in graphene sheets is related to the interactions with the substrate or with the suspending structure. Here, we report on an irreversibility in the response to forces that act on suspended graphene sheets. This may explain why one always observes a ripple structure on suspended graphene. We show that a compression-relaxation mechanism produces static ripples on graphene sheets and determine a peculiar temperature $T_c$, such that for $T<T_c$ the free-energy of the rippled graphene is smaller than that of roughened graphene. We also show that $T_c$ depends on the structural parameters and increases with increasing sample size.Comment: 4 pages, 4 Figure

Age, Parity and Birth Spacing to the Incidence of Preeclampsia

Preeklampsia is complication in pregnancy characterized by various symptoms as clinical hypertension and protein urine and usually occurs after the age of 20 weeks of pregnancy until 48 hours after labor. Highest Insidence of preeclampsia in DIY was in Sleman (22%- 30%). Preeclampsia was caused by multy factoral. Goal of this research aimed to know the the correlation between age, parity and birth spacing to the preeclampsia. The research used Cross sectional design with purposive sampling technique. The subject of this research was 381 labor patiens in RSUD Sleman in 2016. The data were collected from register book and medic record of labor in 2016. The data were analyzed using Chi squareand logistic regression. The analysis showed of most subjects aged ≥30 years, had parity 2, had a gestational distance of 2-5, and did not have preeclampsia.As the result showed age ≥30 years had a significant association with preeclampsia p value of 0.023 Exp B 10.630 95% CI: 1.378 to 82.005. Distance pregnancy &lt;2 years had a significant association with preeclampsia p value 0,000 Exp B 3,201 95% CI: 1.862 to 5.503, and the distance Pregnancy &gt;5 years had a p-value 0.013 with Exp B 3,622 95% CI: 1.308 to 10.026.The conclusion of this research shows that there is a relationship between age and the incidence of preeclampsia pregnancy spacing

Determinant criteria for designing Health benefit package in selected countries

Health benefit package described as primary health interventions that provided with government using general funds for all regardless their financial ability. This study was aimed at determine appropriate pattern for Iran using comparative survey of Health benefit package in various countries. A review exploration was done, scholars was selected population of both developed and developing countries, required information was also extracted by articles, searches and reports of reliable sources and date were analyzed by SPSS, in brief. The vast majority frequencies was respectively allocated to accessibility (40.7%), cost- effectiveness (29.6%), prioritize, efficacy and cost (22.2%). most countries located in WHO African region were selected cost-effectiveness and accessibility, WHO southeast Asia region were selected, coverage, prioritize, efficacy and quality and finally most WHO Europeans region were elected effectiveness and services costs for including services in Health benefit package. According to most Health benefit package designer emphasis on criteria including accessibility and costeffectiveness, to design Health benefit package for Iran, these criteria must be noticed

Serapan Karbondioksida (CO2) Jenis-Jenis Pohon Di Taman Buah "Mekar Sari" Bogor, Kaitannya Dengan Potensi Mitigasi Gas Rumah Kaca

Carbondioxide (CO2) Absorption by Trees in "Mekar Sari" Fruit Garden, Bogor, in Relationto Green house Gases Mitigation. Biological diversity can make a significant contribution toreducing the build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. A biological diverse tropicalforest with a diverse plant species typically stores 50 times more carbon per unit area comparedto monoculture plantation replacing it. Thus, the trees in forests have an essential role in thefunctioning of the terrestrial biosphere, especially in the carbon cycle. Yet wild tree photosynthesesare poorly studied than crop photosynthesis for several reasons: the large number ofspecies; difficulty in measuring photosynthesis of entire trees or of forest stands. This researchaims to assess the contribution of biological diversity in CO2 absorption by analyzing thephysiological characteristics (photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, leaf chlorophyllcontent) of tree species in "Mekar Sari" fruit garden, Bogor. The results will provideinformation on carbon sequestration of some tree species suitable for revegetation. Variance inCO2 assimilation rate is large among trees species. The results showed that there was a widerange of variation of CO2 assimilation rate between tree species. The overall CO2 assimilationrate ranged 2.33 - 13.42 ?molm-2s-1. The highest was Matoa (13.42 molm-2s-1 ) , followed byKacapi (12.50 ?molm-2s-1), Durian (11.00 ?molm-2s-1) and Nangka (11.00 ?molm-2s-1). Transpirationrate was recorded between 4.29 - 9.50 molm-2s-1. The rate of CO2 assimilation wasaffected by incident radiation and thus the quantum leaf (Q leaf) as well as leaf chlorophyllcontent. Correlation between CO2 assimilation and Q leaf under certain environmental conditionwas considerably high. Variance in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate variedamong tree species and were related to light intensity

Inflationary Cosmology and Oscillating Universes in Loop Quantum Cosmology

We study oscillatory universes within the context of Loop Quantum Cosmology. We make a comparative study of flat and positively curved universes sourced by scalar fields with either positive or negative potentials. We investigate how oscillating universes can set the initial conditions for successful slow-roll inflation, while ensuring that the semi-classical bounds are satisfied. We observe rich oscillatory dynamics with negative potentials, although it is difficult to respect the semi-classical bounds in models of this type.Comment: 7 pages, In Press Int. Mod. Phys.