The diagnostic characteristics of choosing different risk score cut-off levels, derived from the risk-prediction model.

£<p>The number of patients that have a RS of less than the chosen threshold.</p>€<p>The number of cancer patients that have a RS of less than the chosen threshold and consequently are missed, due to not being selected for prompt endoscopy.</p>¥<p>The probability of having cancer when the RS is exactly equal to the threshold, according to mentioned formulae in the method section.</p

Estimated odds ratios of demographic characteristics and alarm symptoms for upper GI malignancies, based on unadjusted and multivariable adjusted regression models.

€<p>Multivariable model is adjusted for age, gender, educational level, cigarette smoking and history of weight loss, GI bleeding, persistent vomiting and dysphagia.</p>‡<p><i>H. pylori</i> infection is detected based on Rapid Urease Test (RUT), during endoscopy.</p

Reclassification table for age and alarm symptom model (Model2) and risk-prediction model (Model3).

*<p>Model2: age plus four alarm symptoms (weigh loss, persistent vomiting, GI bleeding, dysphagia); Model3: risk-prediction model.</p

Performance of three different models for predicting UGI malignancy in dyspeptic patients.

*<p>Model1: age only; Model2: age plus four alarm symptoms (weigh loss, persistent vomiting, GI bleeding, dysphagia); Model3: risk-prediction model.</p>**<p>Brier<i>_scaled</i> = 1−Brier/Brier<i>_max</i>, where Brier<i>_max</i> = mean(p)<i>×</i>(1−mean(p)); and mean(p) is mean probability of outcome prediction based on model.</p

The demographic characteristics of GCS subjects (N = 49,338) whose serum were available for HCV testing.

<p>Abbreviations: GCS: Golestan Cohort Study; HCV: Hepatitis C Virus.</p

Correlates of HCV acquisition in multivariate analysis.

<p>Abbreviations: Non-IDU: Non Injecting Drug Use; IDU: Injecting Drug Use.</p

Characteristics of 306 cases and 605 controls in the Golestan Gastric Cancer Case-Control Study.

<p>Note: <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection data missing for 78 controls and 27 cases.</p><p>*P-values from Student’s <i>t</i> test (continuous variables) or Pearson’s chi squared test (categorical variables).</p><p>^# Matching variables</p><p>Characteristics of 306 cases and 605 controls in the Golestan Gastric Cancer Case-Control Study.</p

Correlates of HCV persistence versus spontaneous clearance in univariate analysis.

<p>The test was performed on all 247 patients who had a true positive ELISA test (cases of chronic HCV infection plus cases of spontaneous clearance).</p><p>Abbreviations: Non-IDU: Non Injecting Drug Use; IDU: Injecting Drug Use.</p

Odds Ratios and 95% CIs for Gastric Cancer by Duration Unpiped Water Source.

<p>*Adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, education, head of household education, urban or rural place of birth and residence, home ownership, size of home, wealth score, vegetable consumption, and <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> seropositivity.</p><p>Odds Ratios and 95% CIs for Gastric Cancer by Duration Unpiped Water Source.</p

Distribution of the ages of refrigerator acquisition.

<p>Distribution of the ages of refrigerator acquisition.</p