Case Reports of Situs Inversus Totalis and Dextrocardia in Sprague Dawley Rats

Situs inversus totalis is a condition where there is a transposition of all internal organs from their normal anatomical location. This infrequent and rare congenital condition has been described in several species of mammals. Dextorcardia is a series of conditions associated with an abnormal congenital positioning of the heart, and is often associated with situs inversus totalis. Here we report a case of situs inversus totalis and two cases of dextrocardia identified in Sprague Dawley rats during gross necropsy evaluations at both the Health Sciences North Research Institute (HSNRI) in Canada and Finlay Institute of Vaccine Research and Production in Cuba. The intent of this report is to share our findings and aid in the accumulation of data on these rare conditions

Plan de actividades físico-recreativas para ocupar el tiempo libre en jóvenes desvinculados del estudio y el trabajo Plan of physical and recreational activities to spend the spare time of young population dissociated from study and job

A través del deporte comunitario se pretende promover la práctica de la actividad física, la recreación y las actividades deportivas para acercar a un mayor número de habitantes a los servicios y programas que se ofrecen, y la orientación y asesoría permanente que permiten optimizar el desarrollo de esos programas deportivos. El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de elaborar un plan de actividades físico recreativo que contribuya a la ocupación del tiempo libre en los jóvenes desvinculados del estudio y el trabajo del Consejo Popular "Hermanos Barcón" del municipio Pinar del Río. Se realizaron las entrevistas a los líderes de la comunidad y se encuestaron a jóvenes que no estudian, ni trabajan para comprobar sus preferencias en cuanto a las actividades físico recreativo y el tiempo libre que poseen. Se desarrolló a partir de estas motivaciones un plan de actividades deportivo recreativas que haga posible que los jóvenes de esta comunidad se motiven hacia actividades socialmente útiles y no dediquen ese tiempo a conductas socialmente inadecuadas, el hábito de fumar o la ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas, siendo esta una contribución más al desarrollo de mejores estilos de vida.<br>This research paper was aimed at creating a plan of physical-recreational activities which contributes to spend the spare time of young population dissociated from study and job at &#8220;Hermanos Barcon&#8221; Popular Council, Pinar del Rio municipality. The leaders of the community were interviewed, applying surveys to the target population, in order to learn about their preferences regarding physical-recreational activities and their spare time, designing a plan of sports-recreational activities that motivates the youths towards social-useful activities avoiding this way their participation in social-inappropriate conducts, smoking or the consumption of alcoholic drinks, playing a significant part the development of better lifestyles

Plan of physical and recreational activities to spend the spare time of young population dissociated from study and job

A través del deporte comunitario se pretende promover la práctica de la actividad física, la recreación y las actividades deportivas para acercar a un mayor número de habitantes a los servicios y programas que se ofrecen, y la orientación y asesoría permanente que permiten optimizar el desarrollo de esos programas deportivos. El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de elaborar un plan de actividades físico recreativo que contribuya a la ocupación del tiempo libre en los jóvenes desvinculados del estudio y el trabajo del Consejo Popular "Hermanos Barcón" del municipio Pinar del Río. Se realizaron las entrevistas a los líderes de la comunidad y se encuestaron a jóvenes que no estudian, ni trabajan para comprobar sus preferencias en cuanto a las actividades físico recreativo y el tiempo libre que poseen. Se desarrolló a partir de estas motivaciones un plan de actividades deportivo recreativas que haga posible que los jóvenes de esta comunidad se motiven hacia actividades socialmente útiles y no dediquen ese tiempo a conductas socialmente inadecuadas, el hábito de fumar o la ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas, siendo esta una contribución más al desarrollo de mejores estilos de vida.This research paper was aimed at creating a plan of physical-recreational activities which contributes to spend the spare time of young population dissociated from study and job at “Hermanos Barcon” Popular Council, Pinar del Rio municipality. The leaders of the community were interviewed, applying surveys to the target population, in order to learn about their preferences regarding physical-recreational activities and their spare time, designing a plan of sports-recreational activities that motivates the youths towards social-useful activities avoiding this way their participation in social-inappropriate conducts, smoking or the consumption of alcoholic drinks, playing a significant part the development of better lifestyles

Plan de actividades físico-recreativas para ocupar el tiempo libre en jóvenes desvinculados del estudio y el trabajo

This research paper was aimed at creating a plan of physical-recreational activities which contributes to spend the spare time of young population dissociated from study and job at “Hermanos Barcon” Popular Council, Pinar del Rio municipality. The leaders of the community were interviewed, applying surveys to the target population, in order to learn about their preferences regarding physical-recreational activities and their spare time, designing a plan of sports-recreational activities that motivates the youths towards social-useful activities avoiding this way their participation in social-inappropriate conducts, smoking or the consumption of alcoholic drinks, playing a significant part the development of better lifestyles.A través del deporte comunitario se pretende promover la práctica de la actividad física, la recreación y las actividades deportivas para acercar a un mayor número de habitantes a los servicios y programas que se ofrecen, y la orientación y asesoría permanente que permiten optimizar el desarrollo de esos programas deportivos. El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de elaborar un plan de actividades físico recreativo que contribuya a la ocupación del tiempo libre en los jóvenes desvinculados del estudio y el trabajo del Consejo Popular "Hermanos Barcón" del municipio Pinar del Río. Se realizaron las entrevistas a los líderes de la comunidad y se encuestaron a jóvenes que no estudian, ni trabajan para comprobar sus preferencias en cuanto a las actividades físico recreativo y el tiempo libre que poseen. Se desarrolló a partir de estas motivaciones un plan de actividades deportivo recreativas que haga posible que los jóvenes de esta comunidad se motiven hacia actividades socialmente útiles y no dediquen ese tiempo a conductas socialmente inadecuadas, el hábito de fumar o la ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas, siendo esta una contribución más al desarrollo de mejores estilos de vida

Immunisation schemes with the Cuban vaccine preparation against leptospirosis in hamsters

Se evaluaron diferentes esquemas de inmunización con el preparado vacunal cubano contra la leptospirosis en hámsters, con el objetivo de seleccionar los parámetros óptimos para el ensayo clínico Fase II en humanos. Nueve esquemas de vacunación fueron ensayados, utilizando dos dosis de 0,25; 0,5 y 0,75 mL, con intervalos de 4,6 y 8 semanas entre ellas. La dinámica de anticuerpos se determinó mediante un ensayo inmunoenzimático. Conjuntamente se realizó un estudio de Dosis-Respuesta de la vacuna a diferentes diluciones. Los mayores niveles de inmunogenicidad se lograron con el esquema de vacunación de dos dosis de 0,5 mL con un intervalo de 6 semanas. La vacuna confirió niveles de protección elevados hasta la dilución de 1:4. De acuerdo a estos resultados proponemos el esquema de vacunación antes mencionado para los ensayos clínicos en humanos, así como la evaluación de la dosis de 0,25 mL con intervalo de 6 semanas en el ensayo clínico Fase II.Different immunisation schemes with the Cuban vaccine preparation against Leptospirosis were evaluated in hamsters, in order to choose which one is better to be evaluated in the Clinical Assay Phase II (Immunogenicity) in humans. Nine immunisation schemes were used: doses of 0.25; 0.5 and 0.75 with intervals of 4, 6 and 8 weeks between them. The immunogenicity was measured by an immunoenzymatic assay. At the same time a study of Doses-Response using different dilutions of the vaccine was performed. The highest immunogenic levels were reached with the scheme of two doses of 0.5 mL each one, separated by six weeks. The vaccine provided good protection level until the dilution of 1:4. According to this results we propose the immunisation scheme described above for clinical assays in humans, as well as to evaluate the use of two doses of 0.25 mL with a six week intreval in the clinical assay Phase II.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Immunisation schemes with the Cuban vaccine preparation against leptospirosis in hamsters

Se evaluaron diferentes esquemas de inmunización con el preparado vacunal cubano contra la leptospirosis en hámsters, con el objetivo de seleccionar los parámetros óptimos para el ensayo clínico Fase II en humanos. Nueve esquemas de vacunación fueron ensayados, utilizando dos dosis de 0,25; 0,5 y 0,75 mL, con intervalos de 4,6 y 8 semanas entre ellas. La dinámica de anticuerpos se determinó mediante un ensayo inmunoenzimático. Conjuntamente se realizó un estudio de Dosis-Respuesta de la vacuna a diferentes diluciones. Los mayores niveles de inmunogenicidad se lograron con el esquema de vacunación de dos dosis de 0,5 mL con un intervalo de 6 semanas. La vacuna confirió niveles de protección elevados hasta la dilución de 1:4. De acuerdo a estos resultados proponemos el esquema de vacunación antes mencionado para los ensayos clínicos en humanos, así como la evaluación de la dosis de 0,25 mL con intervalo de 6 semanas en el ensayo clínico Fase II.Different immunisation schemes with the Cuban vaccine preparation against Leptospirosis were evaluated in hamsters, in order to choose which one is better to be evaluated in the Clinical Assay Phase II (Immunogenicity) in humans. Nine immunisation schemes were used: doses of 0.25; 0.5 and 0.75 with intervals of 4, 6 and 8 weeks between them. The immunogenicity was measured by an immunoenzymatic assay. At the same time a study of Doses-Response using different dilutions of the vaccine was performed. The highest immunogenic levels were reached with the scheme of two doses of 0.5 mL each one, separated by six weeks. The vaccine provided good protection level until the dilution of 1:4. According to this results we propose the immunisation scheme described above for clinical assays in humans, as well as to evaluate the use of two doses of 0.25 mL with a six week intreval in the clinical assay Phase II.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Genotypic Variation in Responses of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) to Drought and Rewatering: Root System Development

Soil moisture condition is a major factor that affects root system development and thus, crop production. This study aimed to evaluate genotypic variations of cassava in root system structures and their responses to different soil moisture conditions by examining various root traits including production and elongation of adventitious roots and their laterals. Four pot experiments were conducted and different genotypes of various backgrounds were grown under well-watered, droughted, droughted to rewatered conditions. One field experiment was also conducted with selected genotypes till maturity. Results showed that substantial genotypic variations exist in root system structure, and the effects of the soil moistures were significant for most of the root traits. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the lateral root development mainly accounted for the variations in root system structure regardless of soil moisture conditions. The PCA on the differences between droughted and well-watered control, and droughted-rewatered and the control further indicated that the branching ability of adventitious roots was mainly responsible for the root system responses to drought as well as rewatering. Genotypic ranking in root system responses to drought was almost consistent among the pots and field experiments. Genotypicvariations in rooting depth were relatively small while those in horizontal spread were apparent in the field experiment.The ability to maintain adventitious root elongation under drought, resulting in relatively large horizontal spread of root system and to recover sharply from drought by lateral root branching may be related to good growth and yield performance under field

Assessing the immunogenicity and toxicity of the AFPL1-conjugate nicotine vaccine using heterologous and homologous vaccination routes.

Despite the increased risks of cancers and cardiovascular related diseases, tobacco smoking continues to be prevalent in the population due largely in part to the addictive nature of nicotine. Nicotine vaccines are an attractive alternative to the current smoking cessation options but have yet to be successful enough in clinical trials to reach the market due to a lack of neutralizing antibodies and inconsistent results. Using AFPL1 derived from the Cuban meningococcal vaccine as an adjuvant, we have previously published promising results with an intranasally administered nicotine vaccine. In order to examine the immunogenicity and safety of this vaccine in mice we set up a pilot trial administering the vaccine either intranasally, intramuscularly or utilizing both routes simultaneously and evaluated immune responses and clinical symptoms throughout the duration of the vaccination protocol and post-mortem. These data further demonstrate the ability of the AFPL1 nicotine conjugate vaccine to be a safe and potential candidate for clinical use