The Attitude of Women Visiting Health Centers of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences Toward Breast Cancer

Introduction: Considering changes in the structure of Iran’s population, the prevalence of cancer is increasing. Increasing social awareness about cancer and screening for common cancers are the most cost-effective approaches for breast cancer prevention and control. Studies show a significantly low rate of regular breast cancer screening behaviors. Given the importance of breast cancer and the decreasing effect of screening methods on the financial burden and disease complications, awareness about their attitude can provide appropriate information for decision- and policy-making about breast cancer screening methods in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the attitude of women over 40 years-old visiting health centers affiliated toward breast cancer screening methods. Methods: This is a descriptive/analytical study performed cross-sectionally in the health centers affiliated with TUMS. 255 women from Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex and some health centers that were subsidiaries of the south health centers of TUMS, were enrolled. To collect the required data, we developed a questionnaire based on tools used in similar studies. We used the Chi-square test to investigate the relationship of the attitude score with demographic and socioeconomic variables. The statistical analyses in this study were performed in STATA. Results: 14.5% of the participants had a history of breast cancer, and 18.8% of the participants had a first-degree relative with breast cancer history. About 64.7% of participants underestimated their risk for breast cancer, and 43.1% expressed their concern about breast cancer. About 77.6% of the participants agreed that breast cancers detected earlier are almost treatable. About 18.9% of the participants believed that (agree and highly agree) they will not develop breast cancer in the future, and 47.8% had no idea; 68.2% of the participants disagreed with the item “breast cancer is almost incurable even if detected in early stages;” about 22.0% of them believed that they are at higher risks for breast cancer compared to other women, and 61.3% of the participants agreed to visit a physician in case of feeling pain or a mass in the breast Conclusion: The attitude of the women’s society toward breast cancer screening is high; this finding can be used in plans aiming to raise awareness and conduct screening in Iran

بررسی وضعیت بروز عوارض مصرف هورمون و مواد نیروزا در ورزشکاران پرورش اندام ایلام

Background and aim: Unfortunately, some people have abused medical advances, and doping drug is a major problem that modern societies are facing. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of energizers and supplement use and their side effects among young adults in Ilam. Methods: This study was performed in fitness clubs by random sampling method. Data were collected by a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The correlation coefficient between the two operational periods was 0.78. The data were analyzed by using SPSS software at a significant level of 5%. Results: The numbers of 784 cases were studied who reported 50.3% use of different supplements, 35.5% use doping drugs. 64.5% reported at least one of the side effects. The results show a significant increase in supplements usage in the first three years of athletes. Using supplements and doping drugs is more common in professional athletes. Conclusion: Specialized training education on the side effects of supplements and drugs at an earlier age and the first years of entering the clubs can have a better impact on reducing consumption.سابقه و هدف: متاسفانه افرادی از پیشرفت­‌های پزشکی سوء­استفاده کرده و سوء­مصرف مواد نیروزا از معضلات گریبانگیر جوامع مدرن است. مطالعه با هدف برآورد میزان عوارض و شیوع مصرف مواد مکمل و مواد نیروزا در جوانان شهر ایلام انجام گردید. روش کار: این مطالعه در باشگاه­‌های بدنسازی به روش نمونه­‌گیری تخصیص تصادفی انجام شد. داده­‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه جمع­‌آوری شد که روایی و پایایی آن تایید شد. ضریب همبستگی بین دو دوره عملیاتی 0/78 بود. داده­‌ها با استفاده از نرم­‌افزار SPSS در سطح معنی­‌داری 5 درصد تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته­‌ها: مطالعه با شرکت 784 نفر انجام شد که 50/3 درصد مصرف انواع مکمل و 35/5 درصد مصرف مواد نیروزا را گزارش کرده­‌اند. 64/5% افراد حداقل یکی از عوارض جانبی را گزارش کرده­‌اند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد، در 3 سال ابتدایی فعالیت ورزشکاران افزایش معنی‌­داری در مصرف مکمل‌ها وجود دارد. مصرف مکمل­‌ها و مواد نیروزا در ورزشکاران حرفه‌ای بیشتر بود. نتیجه‌گیری: آموزش­‌های تخصصی در خصوص عوارض استفاده از هورمون‌ها و مواد نیروزا در سنین پایین و سال‌های ابتدایی ورود به باشگاه می‌­تواند تاثیر زیادی در کاهش مصرف آنها داشته باشد