IMPLEMENTACIÓN EN UN FPGA DE LA TÉCNICA DE MODULACIÓN APOD-PWM PARA UNA APLICACIÓN EN MOTOR DE INDUCCIÓN (AIMPLEMENTATION IN AN FPGA OF THE APOD-PWM MODULATION TECHNIQUE FOR AN INDUCTION MOTOR APPLICATION)

Resumen Actualmente, el uso de convertidores multinivel es de gran importancia en la industria debido a que se utilizan principalmente en el accionamiento de motores eléctricos y la protección de cargas críticas. Una parte central que influye en el buen rendimiento de estos es la técnica de modulación empleada, con la cual se generan los estados de conmutación de los interruptores pertenecientes al inversor. En este trabajo se lleva a cabo la simulación e implementación de la técnica de modulación Alternative Phase Opposition Disposition (APOD) empleando una tarjeta de desarrollo Altera Cyclone II. Primeramente, se lleva a cabo la generación digital de las señales moduladoras y portadoras mediante el uso de multiplexores en cascada. Posteriormente, se realiza su comparación por medio del uso de compuertas digitales. Finalmente, se analiza la calidad de la onda de salida tomando en cuenta los valores la distorsión armónica total, garantizando que se cumpla con los valores establecidos en la norma IEEE Std 519-2014. Lo anterior, utilizando un inversor en cascada trifásico de siete niveles con un motor de inducción de 1 hp como carga. Palabras Clave: Distorsión armónica total, FPGA, índice de modulación, inversor multinivel en cascada, técnica de modulación. Abstract Currently, the use of multilevel converters is of great importance in the industry because they are mainly used in the operation of electric motors and the protection of critical loads. A central part that influences the good performance of these is the modulation technique used, with which the switching states of the inverter switches are generated. In this paper is carried out the simulation and implementation of the modulation technique Alternative Phase Opposition Disposition, using an Altera Cyclone development board. First, digital generation of the modulating and carrier signals is carried out by the use of cascade multiplexers. It is then compared using digital gates. Finally, the output wave quality is analyzed taking into account the values of the total harmonic distortion, ensuring that the values set out in the IEEE Std 519-2014 standard are met. The above using the seven-level three-phase cascade multi-level inverter topology, with a 1 hp induction motor as a load.” Keywords: cascaded multilevel inverter, FPGA, modulation index, modulation technique, total harmonic distortion, VHDL

Modification of SPWM Modulating Signals for Energy Balancing Purposes

There is currently a growing interest in efficient power generation and transformation without increasing the cost and complexity of a system. One type of transformation is the conversion of energy from a direct current to an alternating current, which is used in various applications, for example, in photovoltaic systems. One of the elementary components of these systems is the inverter. However, there are several drawbacks in the design of these systems, such as the energy balance between their semiconductor devices. Therefore, it is important to study alternatives to balance the energy and thus achieve a positive impact on both the economic and reliability aspects of the system. This article deals with the study, design, and implementation of the modification of a modulation technique with reconstructed modulating signals, which aims to ensure the energy balance in each cell of a multilevel inverter and, at the same time, present better results concerning the different parameters of comparison established, such as harmonic distortion, percentage of unbalance, percentage of use of digital resources, and power transferred to the load