5,410 research outputs found
International harmonization of product standards and firm heterogeneity in international trade
As free trade areas have proliferated and statutory tariffs have been dramatically reduced in recent decades, non-tariff barriers (NTBs) to international trade have risen in importance. Destination-specific product standards are one of the major types of NTBs as they impose additional costs on exporters and increase the time required to bring a product to market. This paper examines the response of U.S. manufacturing firms to a reduction of this NTB by looking at the harmonization of European product standards to international norms in the electronics sector. Using a highly detailed dataset that links U.S. international trade transactions to U.S. firms and a new industry-level database of EU product standards, the author finds that harmonization increases U.S. exports to the EU and that this increase is due to more U.S. firms entering the EU market –the extensive margin of trade. New entrants to the EU region are drawn mainly from the most productive set of firms already exporting to developing markets before harmonization -the extensive margin of trade composition. These firms are characterized by being smaller and less productive than the firms that were already exporting to the EU before harmonization. Furthermore, harmonization decreases export sales at existing exporters -the intensive margin of trade. These findings are consistent with a model featuring the role of product standards heterogeneity across market destinations and productivity heterogeneity across firms. These results suggest that working toward a harmonization of product rules across markets could be a supportive policy to encourage small and medium size firms'ability to enter new export markets.Markets and Market Access,E-Business,Information Security&Privacy,Economic Theory&Research,Labor Policies
Skew Calabi-Yau Algebras and Homological Identities
A skew Calabi-Yau algebra is a generalization of a Calabi-Yau algebra which
allows for a non-trivial Nakayama automorphism. We prove three homological
identities about the Nakayama automorphism and give several applications. The
identities we prove show (i) how the Nakayama automorphism of a smash product
algebra A # H is related to the Nakayama automorphisms of a graded skew
Calabi-Yau algebra A and a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra H that acts on it;
(ii) how the Nakayama automorphism of a graded twist of A is related to the
Nakayama automorphism of A; and (iii) that Nakayama automorphism of a skew
Calabi-Yau algebra A has trivial homological determinant in case A is
noetherian, connected graded, and Koszul.Comment: 39 pages; minor changes, mostly in the Introductio
Skew Calabi-Yau triangulated categories and Frobenius Ext-algebras
We investigate the conditions that are sufficient to make the Ext-algebra of
an object in a (triangulated) category into a Frobenius algebra and compute the
corresponding Nakayama automorphism. As an application, we prove the conjecture
that hdet() = 1 for any noetherian Artin-Schelter regular (hence skew
Calabi-Yau) algebra A.Comment: 31 page
Thermodynamic quantum critical behavior of the Kondo necklace model
We obtain the phase diagram and thermodynamic behavior of the Kondo necklace
model for arbitrary dimensions using a representation for the localized and
conduction electrons in terms of local Kondo singlet and triplet operators. A
decoupling scheme on the double time Green's functions yields the dispersion
relation for the excitations of the system. We show that in there is
an antiferromagnetically ordered state at finite temperatures terminating at a
quantum critical point (QCP). In 2-d, long range magnetic order occurs only at
T=0. The line of Neel transitions for varies with the distance to the
quantum critical point QCP as, where the shift
exponent . In the paramagnetic side of the phase diagram, the
spin gap behaves as for consistent with
the value found for the dynamical critical exponent. We also find in this
region a power law temperature dependence in the specific heat for
and along the non-Fermi liquid trajectory. For , in the so-called Kondo spin liquid phase, the thermodynamic
behavior is dominated by an exponential temperature dependence.Comment: Submitted to PR
Media coverage of climate change mitigation in the spanish press
This article analyzes how the Spanish press covers the mitigation of climate change. We have
used the search engine MyNews to study in El País and El Mundo, the newspapers with the
largest circulation in Spain during the years 2016 and 2017, the news that includes the words
"mitigacion" o "reducción de emisiones", y "cambio climatico” o “calentamiento global" in the
most circulation newspapers in Spain in 2016 and 2017: El País and El Mundo. To explain how
mitigation is covered by the Spanish press, we have used a series of categories and variables.
As a result, we find an important difference between the urgency expressed by the scientific
community and the reduced presence of this topic in the Spanish press
s- and d-wave superconductivity in a two-band model
Superconductivity in strongly correlated systems is a remarkable phenomenon
that attracts a huge interest. The study of this problem is relevant for
materials as the high Tc oxides, pnictides and heavy fermions. In this work we
study a realistic model that includes the relevant physics of superconductivity
in the presence of strong Coulomb correlations. We consider a two-band model,
since most of these correlated systems have electrons from at least two
different atomic orbitals coexisting at their Fermi surface. The Coulomb
repulsion is taken into account through a local repulsive interaction. Pairing
is considered among quasi- particles in neighbouring sites and we allow for
different symmetries of the order parameter. In order to deal with the strong
local correlations, we use the well known slave boson approach that has proved
very successful for this problem. Here we are interested in obtaining the zero
temperature properties of the model, specifically its phase diagram and the
existence and nature of superconducting quantum critical points. We show that
these can arise by increasing the mixing between the two bands. Since this can
be controlled by external pressure or doping, our results have a direct
relation with experiments. We show that the superconductor-to-normal transition
can be either to a metal, a correlated metal or to an insulator. Also we
compare the relative stability of s and d-wave paired states for different
regions of parameter space and investigate the BCS- BEC crossover in the
two-band lattice model as function of the strength of the pairing interaction.Comment: 21 pages, 14 figure
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