Te Waiata ‘Kiwi Weka’—More Than Just a Song To Me

With Japan and America entering World War Two late, New Zealand became a US staging post with thousands of their military personnel stationed in various locations, mainly in the North Island. This essay explores a particular waiata, Kiwi Weka, allowing readers a glimpse into the Maaori world in the Waikato during World War Two. In doing so, it reveals relationships between Maaori and overseas servicemen, the economic and social circumstances of the times and the ongoing influence on Waikato Maaori into the 1960s through to today

What is the Impact and Implications of Ministry of Education Legislative Changes to Teacher Qualifications (effective 1 January 2006) on and for Teaching Staff in Kura Kaupapa Māori?

Part X of the Education Act 1989 requires all school authorities (state, integrated and private schools) to employ only teachers who are registered (i.e. teachers who hold a practising certificate or hold a Limited Authority to Teach [LAT]). Kura Kaupapa Māori (Māori language total immersion school) under section 155 of the Education Act 1989, have been exempt from Part X of the Act since registration was made compulsory in 1996. With the passing of the Education Standards Act 2001, the then Minister of Education, the Right Honourable Trevor Mallard, was required to set a date to lift the exemption for registration for kura kaupapa Māori teachers in consultation with Te Rūnanganui o Ngā Kura Kaupapa Māori o Aotearoa. The date agreed to was 1 January 2006. This research report examines “What is the Impact and Implications of Ministry of Education Legislative Changes to Teacher Qualifications (Effective 1 January 2006) on and for Teaching Staff in Kura Kaupapa Māori?”UnpublishedEducation Review Office. (2002) The Performance of Kura Kaupapa Māori. Sourced from http://www.ero.govt.nz/Publications/pubs2002/Kura.htm 13/11/2005 Education Review Office. (updated 2005) Kura Kaupapa Māori. Sourced from http://www.ero.govt.nz/handbks/schools/k1.htm 13/11/2005 Education Review Office. (1995) Kura Kaupapa Māori. Sourched from http://www.ero.govt.nz/Publications/eers1995/95no10hl.htm 13/11/2005 Ka’ai, T. (2004) Te Mana o te reo me ngā Tikanga. Power and Politics of the Language. In Ka’ai, T.M., Moorfield, J.C., Reilly, M.P.J., Mosle, S. (eds) Ki te Whaiao – An Introduction to Māori Culture and Society. Pearson Education New Zealand Limited. Kia Hiwa Ra National Māori Newspaper. New bill won’t hinder KKMs says Minister. Nov. 1995, no. 36. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Relevant Government Policies and Programmes for Māori Living in Rural Areas. Sourced from http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/rural-nz/people-and-their-issues/socialresearch- and-… 18/09/2005. May, T. (2001) ‘Interviewing: Methods and Process’. In May, Tim (ed.) In Social Research: Issues, Methods and Process (3rd Edition). Buckingham: Open University Press Ministry of Education. (2001 [Reprinted 203]). Schooling in New Zealand – A Guide. Ministry of Education. Ministry of Education (2002 [Updated 2003]) Funding, Staffing and Allowances Handbook. Resourcing to Empower. Resourcing Division. Ministry of Education. Ministry of Education. (2005) Draft Report: Achievement at Māori Immersion & Bilingual Schools – Update for 2004 results. Demographic and Statistical Unit. (For internal MOE release only). Ministry of Education. (2005) Nga Haeata Matauranga – Annual Report on Māori Education 2004. Ministry of Education. Ministry of Educaiton. Teacher Study Awards for KKM. Kaiwhakaatu Newsletter Issue 8. Sourced from http://www.minedu.govt.nz/index.cfm?layout=document&documentid=7254 &indexi … 13/11/2005. Ministry of Education. (Updated 2005). Promoting Early Childhood Education – Participation Project. Sourced from http://www.minedu.govt.nz/print_doc.cfm?layout=document&documentid=75 73&data … 23/01/2006. New Zealand Education Institute. Rēhitatanga Kaiako o Ngā Kura Kaupapa Māori. Teacher Registration in Kura Kaupapa Māori Special Circular 2005/24. New Zealand Teachers Council. Limited Authority to Teach. Sourced from http://www.teacherscouncil.govt.nz/registration/how/lat.stm 18/09/2005. New Zealand Teachers Council. Who is a Teacher? Sourced from http://www.teacherscouncil.govt.nz/registration/faq/who.stm 18/09/2005. New Zealand Teachers Council. Why does NZ have teacher registration? Sourced from http://www.teacherscouncil.govt.nz/registration/why 18/09/2005. Scoop Independent News. “Teachers Council Receives Establishment Funding”. Sourced from http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/ed0205/s00048.htm 18/09/2005. Smith, G.H. (2003). Indigenous Struggle for the Transformation of Education and Schooling. Sourced from http://www.ankn.uaf.edu/curriculum/Articles/GrahamSmith/ 13/11/2005 The Human Rights Commission. Human Rights in New Zealand Today: Chapter 15 The right to education. Sourced from http://www.hrc.co.nz/reports/chapters/chapter15/education02.htm Te Kōhanga Reo National Trust. Te Kōhanga Reo – The History. Sourced from http://www.kohanga.ac.nz/history.html 29/09/2005. Te Kōhanga Reo National Trust. Te Kōhanga Reo – In the Beginning. Sourced from http://www.kohanga.ac.nz/beginning.html 29/09/2005. Te Kōhanga Reo National Trust. Te Kōhanga Reo – About Us. Sourced from http://www.kohanga.ac.nz/aboutus.html 30/09/2005. Te Puni Kōkiri and Te Taura Whiri I Te Reo Māori. (2003). Te Rautaki Reo Māori. The Māori Language Strategy. Ministry of Māori Development. Te Rūnanganui o Ngā kkm O Aotearoa me Te Tāhuhu o Te Mātauranga. (2000). Tūkanga Whakatū Kura Kaupapa Māori. Assessment & Preparation Process for new KKM (S155

What is the Impact and Implications of Ministry of Education Legislative Changes to Teacher Qualifications (effective 1 January 2006) on and for Teaching Staff in Kura Kaupapa Māori?

Part X of the Education Act 1989 requires all school authorities (state, integrated and private schools) to employ only teachers who are registered (i.e. teachers who hold a practising certificate or hold a Limited Authority to Teach [LAT]). Kura Kaupapa Māori (Māori language total immersion school) under section 155 of the Education Act 1989, have been exempt from Part X of the Act since registration was made compulsory in 1996. With the passing of the Education Standards Act 2001, the then Minister of Education, the Right Honourable Trevor Mallard, was required to set a date to lift the exemption for registration for kura kaupapa Māori teachers in consultation with Te Rūnanganui o Ngā Kura Kaupapa Māori o Aotearoa. The date agreed to was 1 January 2006. This research report examines “What is the Impact and Implications of Ministry of Education Legislative Changes to Teacher Qualifications (Effective 1 January 2006) on and for Teaching Staff in Kura Kaupapa Māori?”UnpublishedEducation Review Office. (2002) The Performance of Kura Kaupapa Māori. Sourced from http://www.ero.govt.nz/Publications/pubs2002/Kura.htm 13/11/2005 Education Review Office. (updated 2005) Kura Kaupapa Māori. Sourced from http://www.ero.govt.nz/handbks/schools/k1.htm 13/11/2005 Education Review Office. (1995) Kura Kaupapa Māori. Sourched from http://www.ero.govt.nz/Publications/eers1995/95no10hl.htm 13/11/2005 Ka’ai, T. (2004) Te Mana o te reo me ngā Tikanga. Power and Politics of the Language. In Ka’ai, T.M., Moorfield, J.C., Reilly, M.P.J., Mosle, S. (eds) Ki te Whaiao – An Introduction to Māori Culture and Society. Pearson Education New Zealand Limited. Kia Hiwa Ra National Māori Newspaper. New bill won’t hinder KKMs says Minister. Nov. 1995, no. 36. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Relevant Government Policies and Programmes for Māori Living in Rural Areas. Sourced from http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/rural-nz/people-and-their-issues/socialresearch- and-… 18/09/2005. May, T. (2001) ‘Interviewing: Methods and Process’. In May, Tim (ed.) In Social Research: Issues, Methods and Process (3rd Edition). Buckingham: Open University Press Ministry of Education. (2001 [Reprinted 203]). Schooling in New Zealand – A Guide. Ministry of Education. Ministry of Education (2002 [Updated 2003]) Funding, Staffing and Allowances Handbook. Resourcing to Empower. Resourcing Division. Ministry of Education. Ministry of Education. (2005) Draft Report: Achievement at Māori Immersion & Bilingual Schools – Update for 2004 results. Demographic and Statistical Unit. (For internal MOE release only). Ministry of Education. (2005) Nga Haeata Matauranga – Annual Report on Māori Education 2004. Ministry of Education. Ministry of Educaiton. Teacher Study Awards for KKM. Kaiwhakaatu Newsletter Issue 8. Sourced from http://www.minedu.govt.nz/index.cfm?layout=document&documentid=7254 &indexi … 13/11/2005. Ministry of Education. (Updated 2005). Promoting Early Childhood Education – Participation Project. Sourced from http://www.minedu.govt.nz/print_doc.cfm?layout=document&documentid=75 73&data … 23/01/2006. New Zealand Education Institute. Rēhitatanga Kaiako o Ngā Kura Kaupapa Māori. Teacher Registration in Kura Kaupapa Māori Special Circular 2005/24. New Zealand Teachers Council. Limited Authority to Teach. Sourced from http://www.teacherscouncil.govt.nz/registration/how/lat.stm 18/09/2005. New Zealand Teachers Council. Who is a Teacher? Sourced from http://www.teacherscouncil.govt.nz/registration/faq/who.stm 18/09/2005. New Zealand Teachers Council. Why does NZ have teacher registration? Sourced from http://www.teacherscouncil.govt.nz/registration/why 18/09/2005. Scoop Independent News. “Teachers Council Receives Establishment Funding”. Sourced from http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/ed0205/s00048.htm 18/09/2005. Smith, G.H. (2003). Indigenous Struggle for the Transformation of Education and Schooling. Sourced from http://www.ankn.uaf.edu/curriculum/Articles/GrahamSmith/ 13/11/2005 The Human Rights Commission. Human Rights in New Zealand Today: Chapter 15 The right to education. Sourced from http://www.hrc.co.nz/reports/chapters/chapter15/education02.htm Te Kōhanga Reo National Trust. Te Kōhanga Reo – The History. Sourced from http://www.kohanga.ac.nz/history.html 29/09/2005. Te Kōhanga Reo National Trust. Te Kōhanga Reo – In the Beginning. Sourced from http://www.kohanga.ac.nz/beginning.html 29/09/2005. Te Kōhanga Reo National Trust. Te Kōhanga Reo – About Us. Sourced from http://www.kohanga.ac.nz/aboutus.html 30/09/2005. Te Puni Kōkiri and Te Taura Whiri I Te Reo Māori. (2003). Te Rautaki Reo Māori. The Māori Language Strategy. Ministry of Māori Development. Te Rūnanganui o Ngā kkm O Aotearoa me Te Tāhuhu o Te Mātauranga. (2000). Tūkanga Whakatū Kura Kaupapa Māori. Assessment & Preparation Process for new KKM (S155

Examining Traditional Maaori Knowledge Frameworks and Intergenerational Knowledge Transmission “Titiro, Whakarongo” - he huarahi ako noo ngaa raa o nehe. “Look, Listen”- a way of learning from days past.

Te Aria (Abstract) This thesis investigates the way knowledge is transmitted inter-generationally, and the teaching and learning methods (or pedagogies) used to do this. The transmission referred to here relates to knowledge about practices associated with the Kiingitanga ‘kingship movement’ of which the Waikato iwi ‘tribe’ have long been the kaitiaki ‘guardians’. The pouwhirinaki ‘participants’ are from the Ngaati Tiipaa and Ngaati Amaru hapuu ‘sub tribes’ from the Port Waikato area; however, participants also came from other hapuu and iwi within the Waikato-Tainui rohe ‘region’. I set out to analyse whether there is any correlation between the traditional Maaori knowledge frameworks of old being utilised in the way we learn the roles associated with three domains on the marae ‘communal gathering place’ during three key Kiingitanga events. This thesis explores how learning was undertaken in ngaa whare waananga tawhito ‘traditional houses of learning’ before documenting my participants’ narratives about how they learned their roles. It concludes with my analysis of these findings and offers some recommendations, based on what the participants said, about cultural revitalisation looking forward