Pig local genetic resource in the argentinian ne region

Los parámetros cualitativos muestran que es una población muy homogénea y por lo tanto no pueden establecerse variedades basadas en éstas

Preliminary morpho-structural study of a pig population in the province of Corrientes (Argentina)

A preliminary study of the morphostructural characteristics of a sample of the population of Creole Argentine pigs formed by 34 animals of 10 months of age from 12 farms belonging to 3 departments of Corrientes Province, Argentina, based principally on exteriorists and morphologic aspects is presented in this work. The animals presented rectilinear profiles, sub-concave and concave front, Iberian, celtic and asian type ears, red, yellow, white and spotted coats, white, black and white with gray rows hooves, pink and dark mucosaes. They all presented hair and females had between 8 and 15 nipples. The comparative analysis among departments for the quantitative variables and indexes, shows significant differences (p<0.05) for most of them, except for length of the croup, thorax perimeter, facial index, relative depth of the chest, index metacarpus - thoracic and index of load of the cane, in which an homogeneous behaviour was stated in the whole population. It is pending the development of a full work where, the samples of animals are enlarged to achieve a complete description and the genetic characterization of the pigs, to confirm the presence of different varieties and its relationship with the iberic trunk.En este trabajo se presenta un estudio preliminar de las características morfoestructurales de una muestra de la población de cerdos criollos argentinos formada por 34 ejemplares mayores de 10 meses, de 12 establecimientos rurales pertenecientes a 3 departamentos de la Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina, basado principalmente en aspectos exterioristas y morfológicos. Se encontraron perfiles rectilíneos, subconcavilíneos, concavilíneos y ultraconcavilíneos, orejas asiáticas, ibéricas y célticas, capas negras, coloradas y bayas, claras y overas, pezuñas blancas enteras y con vetas de color pizarra, y negras, mucosas rosadas y pigmentadas, todos presentaban pelos y de 8 a 15 mamas las hembras, hallándose mamellas en un porcentaje de la muestra. El análisis comparativo entre departamentos para las variables cuantitativas e índices zoométricos, muestra diferencias significativas (p<0,05) para la mayoría, a excepción longitud de la grupa, perímetro torácico, índice facial, profundidad relativa del pecho, índice metacarpo-torácico e índice de carga de la caña, en las cuales se constató un comportamiento homogéneo en toda la población. Queda pendiente el desarrollo de un trabajo donde, se amplíe la muestra de animales medidos para lograr una descripción completa y donde se profundice en la caracterización genética, para afirmar la presencia de variedades y su relación con el tronco ibérico

On the origins of American Criollo pigs: A common genetic background with a lasting Iberian signature

American Criollo pigs are thought to descend mainly from those imported from the Iberian Peninsula starting in the late 15th century. Criollo pigs subsequently expanded throughout the Americas, adapting to very diverse environments, and possibly receiving influences from other origins. With the intensification of agriculture in the mid-20th century, cosmopolitan breeds largely replaced Criollo pigs, and the few remaining are mostly maintained by rural communities in marginal areas where they still play an important socio-economic and cultural role. In this study, we used 24 microsatellite markers in samples from 1715 pigs representing 46 breeds with worldwide distribution, including 17 American Criollo breeds, with the major focus of investigating their genetic diversity, structure and breed relationships. We also included representatives of the Iberian, Local British, Hungarian, Chinese and Commercial breeds, as well as Wild Boar, in order to investigate their possible influence in the genetic composition of Criollos. Our results show that, when compared with the other breeds, Criollo pigs present higher levels of genetic diversity, both in terms of allelic diversity and expected heterozygosity. The various analyses indicate that breed differentiation overall explains nearly 21% of the total genetic diversity. Criollo breeds showed their own identity and shared a common genetic background, tending to cluster together in various analyses, even though they differ from each other. A close relationship of Criollos with Iberian breeds was revealed by all the different analyses, and the contribution of Iberian breeds, particularly of the Celtic breeds, is still present in various Criollo breeds. No influence of Chinese breeds was detected on Criollos, but a few were influenced by Commercial breeds or by wild pigs. Our results confirm the uniqueness of American Criollo pigs and the role that Iberian breeds have played in their development. © 2021 Revidatti et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited