2,561 research outputs found
CROSS-COUPLING OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS USING CUPROUS ODIDE
Cross-coupling or addition reactions of organic compounds, including acid halides, allylic halides, and C.B-unsaturated carbonyl containing compounds, with organozinc com pounds may be readily and Safely carried out in the presence of cuprous iodide. The use of this catalyst in the coupling reaction provides for the preparation of commercially useful products in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and other industries
PREPARATION OF FUNCTIONALIZED POLYMERS UTILIZING A SOLUBLE HIGHLY REACTIVE FORM OF CALCIUM
Calcium-substituted polymeric reagents are provided. These reagents can be prepared via the oxidative addition of a soluble highly reactive calcium species to organic and inorganic polymers containing alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl pendent groups substituted with halide atoms, cyanide molecules, 1,3-dienes, or any conjugated poly unsaturated system. Preferably, the polymer is a cross linked p-bromopolystyrene, p-chloropolystyrene, p-fluoropolystyrene, or chloromethylated polystyrene. Preferably, the soluble highly reactive calcium species is prepared from the reduction of Ca(II) salts with an alkali metal arene, such as lithium biphenylide. These calcium-substituted polymeric reagents react with a variety of electrophiles to yield functionalized polymers. Reaction with Cu(I) salts yields calcium-sub stituted polymeric cuprate reagents, which can react, for example, with acid chlorides to form ketones, alkyl halides containing functionality, and undergo 1,4-conjugate addition with a,β-unsaturated ketones, aldehydes, esters, and amides. Bifunctionalization of the polymer can be achieved by the addition of highly reactive calcium to a functionalized polymer containing a halogen. Polymers can be cross-coupled with dyes, UV stabilizers, biologically active substrates, molecules that impart specifically desired characteristics, among other desirable functional groups
PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF CONDUCTING POLYMERS
Methods of preparing conducting polymers and the conductive polymers prepared therefrom are provided. The method includes a) combining a monomer-metal complex together with a manganese (II) halide to provide a monomer-manga nese complex, and b) combining the monomer-manganese complex together with a metal catalyst to provide the conductive polymer. Electronic devices can be made using the polymers prepared as described herein
PREPARATION AND USE OF (2-BUTENE-1,4-DIYL)MAGNESIUM COMPLEXES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESS
The magnesium complexes of cyclic hydrocarbons, such as 1,2-dimethylenecycloalkanes, are readily prepared in high yields using highly reactive magnesium. Reactions of these (2-butene-1,4-diyl)magnesium reagents with electrophiles such as dibromoalkanes, alkyl ditosylates, or bromoalkylnitriles serve as a convenient method for synthesizing spirocyclic systems. Significantly, spirocarbocycles prepared by this method contain functional groups such as the exocyclic double bond or a keto group in one of the rings which could be used for further elaboration of these molecules. Furthermore, fused bicyclic systems containing a substituted five-membered ring can be conveniently prepared at high temperatures by the reactions of (2-butene-1,4- diyl)magnesium complexes with carboxylic esters and acids whereas low temperatures lead to regioselective synthesis of £8,y-unsaturated ketones
PREPARATIONS OF POLYCARBYNES
Polycarbynes prepared from a soluble source of electrons and an organic monomer or co-monomer containing at least one carbyne group in an ethereal, polyethereal, or hydrocarbon solvent are presented. A wide variety of arylcarbyne and/or alkylcarbyne monomers and co-monomers can be combined with a source of electrons soluble in an ethereal, polyethereal, or hydro-carbon solvent to form novel polycarbyne polymers. These polycarbyne polymers can be used to form synthetic diamond materials, fibers, and other materials that can withstand extreme conditions
PREPARATION OF DOPED POLYCARBYNES
Polycarbynes, such as doped polycarbynes, prepared from a soluble source of electrons and an organic monomer or co-monomer containing at least one carbyne group and, optionally, containing a doping agent, in an ethereal, poly ethereal, or hydrocarbon solvent are presented. A wide variety of arylcarbyne and/or alkylcarbyne monomers and co-monomers can be combined with a source of electrons soluble in an ethereal, polyethereal, or hydrocarbon solvent to form novel polycarbyne polymers. These polycarbyne polymers can be used to form synthetic diamond materials, fibers, and other materials that can withstand extreme con ditions
HIGHLY REACTIVE FORM OF COPPER AND REAGENTS THEREOF
A novel Zerovalent copper species and an organocopper reagent are disclosed. The Zerovalent copper species is directly produced by reaction of a reducing agent with a combination of copper(I) cyanide or halide and an alkali metal halide salt. The organocopper reagent resulting from the reaction of the zerovalent copper species and an organic compound having one or more stable anionic leaving groups is a stable reagent that will not significantly homocouple and under controlled conditions tolerates the presence of nitrile, epoxide, imine, enone, ketone, ester, allyl and benzyl groups within the organo radical. The reagent can be controlled so that it will selectively add to an organic electrophile such as an acid halide or aldehyde while other less reactive electro philic groups are present. The reagent will also add under controlled conditions to epoxide, enone, imine and ketone groups
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