Fermi level dependence of magnetism and magnetotransport in the magnetic topological insulators Bi2_{2}Te3_{3} and BiSbTe3_{3} containing self-organized MnBi2_{2}Te4_{4} septuple layers

The magnetic coupling mechanisms underlying ferromagnetism and magnetotransport phenomena in magnetically doped topological insulators have been a central issue to gain controlled access to the magneto-topological phenomena such as quantum anomalous Hall effect and topological axion insulating state. Here, we focus on the role of bulk carriers in magnetism of the family of magnetic topological insulators, in which the host material is either Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$ or BiSbTe$_{3}$, containing Mn self-organized in MnBi$_{2}$Te$_{4}$ septuple layers. We tune the Fermi level using the electron irradiation technique and study how magnetic properties vary only through the change in carrier density. Ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy excludes bulk magnetism based on a carrier-mediated process. Furthermore, the magnetotransport measurements show that the anomalous Hall effect is dominated by the intrinsic and dissipationless Berry-phase driven mechanism, with the Hall resistivity enhanced near the bottom/top of the conduction/valence band, due to the Berry curvature which is concentrated near the avoided band crossings. These results demonstrate that the anomalous Hall effect can be effectively managed, maximized, or turned off, by adjusting the Fermi level.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure

Effect of rapid thermal annealing on short period {CdO/ZnO}m SLs grown on m-Al2O3

Here, we report on the characterization of {CdO/ZnO}m superlattice structures (SLs) grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The properties of as-grown and annealed SLs deposited on m-oriented sapphire were investigated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in cathodoluminescence (CL) and energy dispersive X-ray modes. The deformation of the crystallographic structure of SLs was observed after rapid thermal annealing at 900{\deg}C in oxygen flow due to migration and segregation of Cd atoms. SIMS measurements revealed that the distributions of cadmium in the annealed samples depend on the thicknesses of the CdO and ZnO sublayers in the as grown superlattice structures. Depth-resolved CL measurements showed that shifting of the near band edge emission peaks is closely related to the Cd profiles measured with SIMS.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Structural Comparison of Human Mammalian Ste20-Like Kinases

BACKGROUND: The serine/threonine mammalian Ste-20 like kinases (MSTs) are key regulators of apoptosis, cellular proliferation as well as polarization. Deregulation of MSTs has been associated with disease progression in prostate and colorectal cancer. The four human MSTs are regulated differently by C-terminal regions flanking the catalytic domains. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We have determined the crystal structure of kinase domain of MST4 in complex with an ATP-mimetic inhibitor. This is the first structure of an inactive conformation of a member of the MST kinase family. Comparison with active structures of MST3 and MST1 revealed a dimeric association of MST4 suggesting an activation loop exchanged mechanism of MST4 auto-activation. Together with a homology model of MST2 we provide a comparative analysis of the kinase domains for all four members of the human MST family. SIGNIFICANCE: The comparative analysis identified new structural features in the MST ATP binding pocket and has also defined the mechanism for autophosphorylation. Both structural features may be further explored for inhibitors design. ENHANCED VERSION: This article can also be viewed as an enhanced version in which the text of the article is integrated with interactive 3D representations and animated transitions. Please note that a web plugin is required to access this enhanced functionality. Instructions for the installation and use of the web plugin are available in Text S1

The Current Status and Work of Three Rs Centres and Platforms in Europe*

The adoption of Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes has given a major push to the formation of Three Rs initiatives in the form of centres and platforms. These centres and platforms are dedicated to the so-called Three Rs, which are the Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of animal use in experiments. ATLA's 50th Anniversary year has seen the publication of two articles on European Three Rs centres and platforms. The first of these was about the progressive rise in their numbers and about their founding history; this second part focuses on their current status and activities. This article takes a closer look at their financial and organisational structures, describes their Three Rs focus and core activities (dissemination, education, implementation, scientific quality/translatability, ethics), and presents their areas of responsibility and projects in detail. This overview of the work and diverse structures of the Three Rs centres and platforms is not only intended to bring them closer to the reader, but also to provide role models and show examples of how such Three Rs centres and platforms could be made sustainable. The Three Rs centres and platforms are very important focal points and play an immense role as facilitators of Directive 2010/63/EU 'on the ground' in their respective countries. They are also invaluable for the wide dissemination of information and for promoting the implementation of the Three Rs in general

The Interleukin-6 inflammation pathway from cholesterol to aging – Role of statins, bisphosphonates and plant polyphenols in aging and age-related diseases

We describe the inflammation pathway from Cholesterol to Aging. Interleukin 6 mediated inflammation is implicated in age-related disorders including Atherosclerosis, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Osteoporosis, Type 2 Diabetes, Dementia and Alzheimer's disease and some forms of Arthritis and Cancer. Statins and Bisphosphonates inhibit Interleukin 6 mediated inflammation indirectly through regulation of endogenous cholesterol synthesis and isoprenoid depletion. Polyphenolic compounds found in plants, fruits and vegetables inhibit Interleukin 6 mediated inflammation by direct inhibition of the signal transduction pathway. Therapeutic targets for the control of all the above diseases should include inhibition of Interleukin-6 mediated inflammation

Charakterystyka warstwy aluminy utworzonej na stali FeCrAl

In this paper the morphology of the oxide scale formed at 850°C on the foil surface of FeCrAl steel is described. Two types of samples have been used: one covered with an Al nano-layer and the second without. Microscopic observations of the cross-sections of scales have demonstrated that in the case of foil without Al nano-layer there is a remnant of an amorphous Al2 O3 nano-layer, from which γ and θ crystallites of Al2 O3 have been grown. In the case of foil covered with the Al nano-layer, α- Al2 O3 phase is present and θ-phase forms a forest of whiskers on the surface.W pracy opisano morfologię warstw tlenkowych, które powstały na folii FeCrAl pod wpływem jej utleniania w temperaturze 850°C Badania dotyczyły folii pokry tej nanowarstwą Al oraz nie pokrytej. Przekroje warstw i podłoża stalowego badane za pomocą transmisyjnej mikroskopii elektronowej wykazały, że w przypadku folii nie pokrytej warstwą Al występuje pozostałość amorficznej nanowarstwy Al2 O3 . z której następuje wzrost krystalitów γ i θ Al2 O3. W przypadku folii z osadzoną nanowarstwą Al stwierdzono obecność fazy α- Al2 O3 oraz występującej na powierzchni folii fazy θ Al2 O3, w postaci lasu whiskerów