Bone marrow involvement as a rare manifestation of relapsed choroidal melanoma

Choroidal Melanoma is the most common primary intra-ocular malignancy. Incidence of primary choroidal melanoma is about 6 cases per 1 million population. It disseminates hematogenously. The most common site of metastasis is liver. Metastatic melanoma involving the bone marrow is rare, occurring in 5% of patients with disseminated disease. However, Choroid melanoma with bone marrow involvement is very rare. Only a few case reports are published in literature.  Authors present a case of bone marrow metastasis from choroid melanoma in 55 years old female who has been treated for primary choroidal melanoma by enucleation of left eye three years back. In the evaluation of symptomatic anemia, features suggestive of bone marrow infiltration by choroidal melanoma were observed on bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. The diagnosis was confirmed by positivity of immune-histochemistry markers HMB-45 and Melana

Histopathological spectrum of ovarian tumours from a referral hospital in Kashmir valley, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Background: Ovary is a complex structure and its neoplasms show a wide spectrum of histological types and clinical behaviour. The present study was done with the aim of studying the histopathological pattern of the ovarian tumours in women of various age groups.Methods: This was prospective study conducted over a period of 2 years from Jan 2015 to Dec 2016 and included 193 cases of ovarian neoplasms.Results: Of 193 cases 155 (80.3%) were benign, 8 (4.1%) were borderline and 30 (15.5%) were malignant tumours. Surface epithelial tumours constituted majority of the tumours (64.7%). Mature cystic teratoma (30.6%%) was the most common benign tumour followed by serous cyst adenoma (26.9%). Serous cyst adenocarcinoma (7.8%) was the most common malignant tumour of the ovary. While tumours were seen over a wide range of 6-75 years, >80% of benign tumours were seen in patients of 40 years of age.Conclusions: The findings of present study are comparable to the published data from the subcontinent

Xanthogranulomatous salpingo-oophoritis mimicking an ovarian malignancy: a clinical dilemma

Background: Xanthogranulomatoussalpingo-oophoritis is an uncommon form of chronic inflammation in the genitourinary tract. Its symptoms and radiological findings mimic ovarian malignancy. Aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological pattern of xanthogranulomatous salphingo oophoritis.Methods: This study was conducted in the department of pathology, Government Medical College, Srinagar. It was a retrospective study done over a period of 5 years, November 2014 to November 2019.Results: The study was done to evaluate the clinicopathological pattern of 6 cases of rare entity xantogranulomatous salphingo oophoritis diagnosed at a tertiary care hospital. All patients, presented with pain abdomen. All patients were operated due to radiological suspicion of ovarian malignancy. Histopathological examination proved the lesion as xanthogranulomatous salphingo oophoritis.Conclusions: Xanthogranulomatoussalpingo-oophoritis is a rare condition that is often mistaken for ovarian malignancy clinically and radiologically. Oophorectomy is the recommended treatment but most women are “over treated” with staging laparotomies and hysterectomies that render them infertile

Utility of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Diagnosis of Soft Tissue Lesions with Histopathological Correlation

100 cases of Soft tissue lesions were studied by Fine Needle Cytology (FNAC) and subsequently correlated by Histopathological examination and Immunohistochemical staining. The study revealed that 55% of the cases were benign soft tissue tumour masses, 34% were benign soft tissue tumour like masses and 11% were malignant soft tissue lesions. The accuracy determined by the histopathological examination for benign soft tissue masses was 94.38% and in 100%malignant soft tissue lesions. The discordance of 5.62% in the benign soft tissue masses was due to aspiration of inadequate material and loss of architectural pattern. Hence, excision with histopathological examination is mandatory in such cases

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF NEOPLASTIC LARYNGEAL LESIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN KASHMIR

Background:The larynx is affected by a range of benign and malignant lesions ,on account of its unique position in the upper respiratory tract which makes it vulnerable to many noxious stimuli. This study was undertaken to explore clinicopathological parameters in laryngeal cancers as laryngeal lesions are coming up to be the most common head and neck lesions in Kashmir. Methods :A one and a half year observational study was done(2015-2017).All layngectomies and biopsies received in the department were studied. Results: A total number of 68 neoplastic lesions were studied .The neoplastic lesions showed a peak after 50 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was present in 23.5% cases and was the commonest neoplastic lesion ,Moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest differentiation(66.7%) . The most common site of involvement was the Glottis (62.5%) of cases. Out of the 11 laryngectomies, 3 cases showed perineural invasion,5 cases showed lymphovascular invasion . Conclusion:Light microscopy and histopathological examination remains the mainstay and gold standard in diagnosing benign and malignant lesions in larynx

Elucidation of Etiology of Colorectal Cancer: A Study on Silencing of MGMT Gene by Promoter Hypermethylation

Prevalence of Promoterhypermethylation of MGMT Gene in Colorectal Cancer Patients of Kashmir Valley. Colorectal cancer, one of the most aggressive cancers, occurs with a high incidence in most countries. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading malignancies worldwide. Cancer development and progression is dictated by series of alterations in genes such as tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes, oncogenes and others. In this study, efforts were made to identify promoter hypermethylation of CpG islands of MGMT gene in CRC patients among the Kashmiri population. Methylation status of CpG islands in the promoter region of MGMT gene in colorectal cancers and normal corresponding colonic mucosa was analysed. Fresh tissue samples were obtained from 50 patients (age of 21 to 81 years) undergoing resective surgery for CRC with primary colorectal adenocarcinonia and corresponding histopathologically normal tissues. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used for analysis of the promoter methylation status of MGMT gene. The male to female ratio of the disease came out to be 1.38. The epigenetic analysis of the cases and controls revealed that unlike other high risk regions, Kashmiri population has a different hypermethylation profile of MGMT gene promoter hypermethylation. The frequency of cases with MGMT promoter hypermethylation was more as compared to controls (54% vs. 20%) and was statistically significant (O.R = 4.69, 95% C.I = 1.37 – 16.05, P = 0.015) using χ2 test with Odds Ratio. It was also found that the frequency of male cases with promoter hypermethylation of MGMT gene was more as seen against male controls (72.41% vs. 30%), which also showed statistically significant results (O.R = 6.13, 95% C.I = 1.26 – 29.71, P = 0.026) using Fisher’s Exact test, though the frequency of promoter hypermethylation of MGMT gene of female cases was more as compared to female controls (28.57% vs. 10%), the data was found not to be statistically significant (O.R = 3.6, 95% C.I = 0.37 – 34.93, P = 0.37) using Fisher’s Exact. While for the male verses female cases of promoter hypermethylation of MGMT gene the results were statistically significant (O.R = 6.563, 95% C.I = 1.882 - 22.82, P = 0.0037) using Fisher’s Exact Test. In this study it was concluded that male gender is generally associated with higher methylation levels for most CpG islands hypermethylation of MGMT gene in normal as well as cancerous colonic mucosa. The results indicate that MGMT aberrant methylation may play an important role in colorectal cancer. This study clearly demonstrates that promoter hypermethylation of MGMT gene can be designated as epigenetic biomarker for early diagnosis and better prognosis of the disease

Histopathological analysis of the cutaneous changes due to Kangri use in Kashmiri population: A hospital based study

Background: Kangri cancer is peculiar to the valley of Kashmir as people of all age groups are accustomed to warm their bodies by the use of Kangri baskets.The clinical spectrum of skin cancer in the Kashmir valley is entirely different from the rest of the country, which could be attributed to the use of Kangri in this geographical region. [1],[2] Aims: Histopathological analysis of the cutaneous changes due to kangri use in Kashmiri population. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective hospital based study. All the patients attending the outpatient department of Dermatology, STD and Leprosy at SMHS Hospital, an associated hospital of govt. medical college in Srinagar and presented with suspicious lesions (i.e., erythema ab igne, papular or nodular skin growths) due to Kangri use were taken up for the study. A detailed history including the use of Kangri and a physical examination was done in each patient followed by a histopathological examination in case of suspicious lesions. Results: The cutaneous changes which were observed during the study period of 8 months were erythema ab igne, bowen′s disease and squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Although this is a preliminary study we will be studying more of such changes caused due to Kangri use in the future

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

Histopathological study of prostatic lesions on needle biopsies with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA