RNA Synthesis in the Tracheal Epithelial Cells of Aging Mice as Revealed by Electron Microscopic Radioautography

For the purpose of studying the aging changes of macromolecular synthesis in the tracheal epithelial cells of experimental animals, we studied 10 groups of aging mice during development and aging from fetal day 19 to postnatal month 24. They were injected with 3H-uridine, a precursor for RNA synthesis, sacrificed and the tracheal tissues were taken out, fixed and processed for light and electron microscopic radioautography. On many radioautograms the localization of silver grains demonstrating RNA synthesis in tracheal epithelial cells in respective aging groups were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The number of mitochondria per cell, the number of labeled mitochondria with silver grains and the number of silver grains in each cell in respective aging groups were analyzed quantitatively in relation to the aging of animals. The results revealed that the RNA synthetic activity as expressed by the incorporations of RNA precursor, i.e., the number of silver grains in cell nuclei, cell organelles, changed due to the aging of animals. The number of mitochondria, the number of labeled mitochondria and the mitochondrial labeling index labeled with silver grains were counted in each tracheal epithelial cell. It was demonstrated that the number of mitochondria increased from embryonic day 19 to postnatal newborn day 1, 3, 9, 14, adult month 1, 2, reaching the maximum and kept plateau, while the number of labeled mitochondria increased from embryonic day 19 to postnatal adult month 2, reaching the maximum but the labeling indices showing RNA synthesis increased from embryonic day 19 to postnatal newborn day 14 and adult month 1 and decreased to year 2, indicating the aging changes. Based upon our findings, available literature on macromolecular synthesis in mitochondria of various cells are reviewed

Cholecystitis & An Enzyme Study

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder that develops in short time usually when gallstone obstructs the cystic duct. Patients over the passage of time land to chronic cholecystitis. They have an abnormal liver function test with clinical features suggestive of gall bladder disease. Therefore, systematic step by step reviews of various investigations are important in diagnosis of gall bladder disease. The first step includes clinical evaluation of the patient followed by estimation of enzyme markers.. The seriousness of disease can be estimated from combined information of clinical examination & specialized biochemical tests. Specialized enzymatic markers are helpful for proper follow-up as delay can be devastating. It can form a platform for malignant & cirrhotic changes of liver: Present study has been undertaken to avoid dreads by simple clinical enzyme study. Serum levels of 5’NT/ALP/AST/ALT/Bilirubin were estimated in sixty cases of clinically diagnosed cholecystitis against forty normal individuals. Purpose was to single out a parameter which is most significant & may help as an endoscope to \ud Surgeon for timely intervention. The study delineates5’NT to be superior to ALP due to its specificity &. Sensitivity. While elevated AST & ALT levels signify extent of hepatic cell damage, 5”NT specifically signifies the bile duct obstruction or cholestasis as well as hepatic cell damage. \u

Studies on association of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and its effect on improvement of sorghum bicolor (L.)

Considerable attention has been paid on endophytic diazotrophs in recent times, because of its of ability to fix and transfer fixed nitrogen to the host plant. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are ubiquitous and play a significant role in improving the growth of plants through better uptake of nutrients, especially phosphorus. Interaction between AM fungi and nitrogen fixing bacteria and its impact on the host plant has been studied in several instances. In the present study, an attempt has been made to know the combining ability of G.diazotrophicus with AM fungi on S.bicolor. Spores of ten species of AM fungi were isolated from the rhizosphere soils of S.bicolor from different localities of Madurai and Sivagangai districts of Tamil Nadu. G.diazotrophicus was isolated from stem tissues of sugarcane (Saccharrum officinarum L.) from Madurai districts. The AM fungi in association with G.diazotrophicus were evaluated on the basis of root colonization, fresh and drymatter yield, N, P, soluble sugars and photosynthetic pigments in leaves of S.bicolor. Fresh weight and dry weight was significantly higher in dual inoculated plants. The highest values were recorded with Glomus fasciculatum + G.diazotrophicus combination. AM fungal infection was significantly higher in dual inoculated plants. N concentration was significantly increased by G.diazotrophicus even more in association with the efficient fungal strains. Dual inoculated plants showed a significant increase in P, soluble sugars, photosynthetic pigments in leaves was observed in G.diazotrophicus + Glomus fasciculatum combination. Such morphological modification may enhance water and nutrient uptake. Our results confirm the importance of studying plant-microbial interrelationship to provide useful information for agricultural system management

Anforderungen im Biolandbau - Kurzfassung 2005

Die "Anforderungen im Biolandbau - Kurzfassung 2005" gibt in Tabellenform einen Überblick über den Inhalt der Bio-Verordnung der Schweiz. In einer separaten Spalte sind die zusätzlichen Anforderungen an BIO SUISSE-, Migros-Bio und Demeterbetriebe aufgeführt

Bio-Stallmasse aktualisiert

Die Broschüre «Stailmasse für die Haltung von Nutztieren im biologischen Landbau in der Schweiz» (kurz; «Stailniasse») wurde nach sechs Jahren neu aufgelegt. Die Broschüre dient als Planungsinstrument für Tierhalter, als Hilfsmittel für die Beratung und als Nachschlagewerk für die Biokontrolleure

Version abrégée des exigences bio

La "Version abrégée des exigences en agriculture biologique" donne une vue d'ensemble des principales exigences contenues dans l'ordonnance fédérale sur l'agriculture biologique. Dans une colonne séparée sont présentées les exigences supplémentaires contenues dans les cahiers des charges de Bio Suisse et de Demeter. Uniquement disponible comme version en ligne gratuite

Functional responses can’t unify invasion ecology

Dick et al. (Biol Invasions, 2017) propose that the comparative functional response framework provides a unifying approach for the study of invasive species. We agree that functional responses are an important and powerful quantitative description of consumer effects on resources, and co-opting classical ecological theory to better predict invasive species impacts is a laudable move for invasion biology. However, we fear that the early successes of select examples of the comparative functional response (CFR) approach has led Dick et al. to exaggerate the generality of its utility, and about its ability to unify the field. Further, they fail to provide a convincing argument why CFR is better than existing tools such as invasion history or impact indices, even when considering emerging or potential invaders. In this response we provide details of three conceptual issues stemming from classical ecological theoretical frameworks and two practical problems that Dick et al. and other CFR proponents need to address

Rapsglanzkäfer hassen Steinmehl

Die Rapsernte ist in vollem Gange. Nach dem sehr guten Biorapsjahr 2007 herrschte in diesem Jahr - im übertragenen wie auch im wörtlichen Sinn - Regenwetter. Die kühle, feuchte Periode während der Blütenentwicklung führte zu einer schlechten Nährstoffaufnahme, so dass auf mehreren Feldern starke Mangelsymptome an den Pflanzen auftraten. Weiterhin war der Stängelrüssler in vielen Gebieten sehr häufig. Diese beiden Faktoren beeinträchtigten die Pflanzenentwicklung

Kamera ersetzt Steuermann

In der Schweiz ist derzeit ein dänisches Hackgerät unterwegs, das ohne Steuermann auskommt und trotzdem sehr exakte Arbeit leistet. Per Kamera findet es die Reihen der Kulturpflanzen selber. Das vielseitig einsetzbare Gerät kommt wegen seines hohen Preises vorab für den überbetrieblichen Einsatz in Frage

Was gilt neu im Biolandbau? (= Sonderbeilage bioaktuell)

Alle Änderungen der Anforderungen ab 1. Januar 2005 der BIO SUISSE an Schweizer Biobetriebe sind in dieser Sonderbeilage der Zeitschrift bioaktuell aufgeführt. Die Neuerungen in sind den Unterpunkten Tierhaltung, Pflanzenbau, Umstellung und Verarbeitung zusammengefasst