Canonical form of a quasilinear hyperbolic system of First order equations

A canonical form of the compatability condition along a characteristic surface for a quasilinear hyperbolic system of first order equations in m+ 1 independent variables is derived. This form of the compatibility condition is distinguished by the fact that special emphasis is given to the interior derivative in the bicharacteristic direction, which alone contains derivatives of the type ∂/∂t, whereas all other interior derivatives present are spatial in nature

Morphometric Studies of Fourth Order Sub-Basins (FOSB's) in North Bangalore Metropolitan Region Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Techniques

The quantitative analysis of drainage system is an important aspect of characterization of watersheds. Using watershed as a basic unit in morphometric analysis is the most logical choice because all hydrologic and geomorphic processes occur within the watershed. The North Bangalore Metropolitan Region is constitutes a part of North Pennar, South Pennar and Cauvery Basins has been selected for the case illustration. Geo-informatics module consists of GIS mapping for location map, drainage map, surface water body map, sub-basin map etc are generated. Morphometric module consists of morphometric analysis for several drainage basin parameters include stream order, stream length, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, drainage frequency, form factor, elongation ratio, circularity ratio, texture ratio, length of overland flow and constant of channel maintenance are also calculated. An attempt has been made to utilize the interpretation capabilities of GIS to find out the relationship between the morphometric parameters at sub basin level

Double-diffusive convection • Buoyancy-Driven convection • Convection in an inclined porous slot

The quantitative analysis of drainage system is an important aspect of characterization of watersheds. Using watershed as a basic unit in morphometric analysis is the most logical choice because all hydrologic and geomorphic processes occur within the watershed. The North Bangalore Metropolitan Region is constitutes a part of North Pennar, South Pennar and Cauvery Basins has been selected for the case illustration. Geo-informatics module consists of GIS mapping for location map, drainage map, surface water body map, sub-basin map etc are generated. Morphometric module consists of morphometric analysis for several drainage basin parameters include stream order, stream length, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, drainage frequency, form factor, elongation ratio, circularity ratio, texture ratio, length of overland flow and constant of channel maintenance are also calculated. An attempt has been made to utilize the interpretation capabilities of GIS to find out the relationship between the morphometric parameters at sub basin level

Groundwater Chemistry of South Karaikal and Nagapattinam Districts,Tamilnadu, India.

This study was carried out with the objective to find the ground water quality for the samples of south Karaikal and Nagapattinam. Ground water samples were collected from 14 wells located in this area and was analyzed for major ion concentration. The spatial variations of the ion concentrations have been studied. The suitability of water has been tested for different purposes specially for irrigation by groundwater by calculating the values of SAR, RSC & %NA. The Hill piper and Durov plots have been obtained to check the hardness of water.From overall analysis, it was observed that there was a slight fluctuation in the physico-chemical parameters among the water samples studied. Comparison of the physico-chemical parameters of the water sample with WHO and IS limits showed that the groundwater is not suitable for drinking purpose in the study area with few exceptions

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Applications in part of South - Eastern Dry Agro-climatic Zones of Karnataka Using Remote Sensing and GIS

The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a simple graphical indicator that can be used to analyze Remote sensing measurements and to understand the vegetation of Chintamani Taluk area, this area covering under the South –Eastern part of Dry agroclimatic zones of study area. Compared between total Chintamani area and within the forest area analyzed. Basically the NDVI is a numerical indicator range from ?1 to +1 that uses the visible and near-infrared bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. In the part of study area grouped into different NDVI ranges -1 to +1. Chintamani taluk and Chintamani Forest area from LISS III data. Tanks area ranges between -1 and -0.05, Agricultural land between -0.05 and -0.16, Open land (Scrub Land) between -0.16 and -0.22 and Vegetation cover -0.22 and 1. Built up areas and impermeable surfaces which comes under very poor vegetation category had values less than 0.01009. Water areas have the lowest NDVI values

Physico-Chemical Analysis of Groundwater Covering the Parts of Padmanabhanagar, Bangalore Urban District

The present study evaluated the ground water quality and physico-chemical characteristics of the water samples collected from 15 bore wells in the study area which is situated in Rangappa Layout which is located in the Ittamadgu Village of Uttarahalli Hobli which falls in the Bangalore South taluk of the Bangalore Urban district. Physico-chemical characteristics of the collected water samples, various parameters like pH, Temperature, Total Suspended Solids, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, Electrical Conductivity, Sodium, Potassium, Ca, Mg, Cl, HCO3, CO3, NO3, F, SO4, PO4, Cr+6, Fe, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn are analyzed. Spatial variation maps are prepared to understand the distribution. The variation in elevation, overburden thickness, fractures, rate of discharge are determined. Hill piper, Wilcox and USSL have been obtained to determine the percentage of salinity and alkalinity of water. The quality of water found suitable for drinking purpose

Study of Urbanization and its Effect on Water Resources in Yale Mallappa Shetty Kere Watershed, Bangalore North Taluk Using Remote Sensing and GIS

The study area comprises of Hebbal and Rachenahalli valley. The present condition of storm water drains, surface water bodies and the quality of the ground water has been studied in Yale mallappa Shetty Kere (YMSK) watershed. 1st order streams are encroached in developing of layouts and surface water bodies vanished due to urbanization. The study of toposheets (1:50,000) reveals YMSK consists of 86 Water bodies (WB) in 286 km2. The study of toposheets in 1:25,000 and Remote Sensing data reveals that YMSK consists of 195 WB (including tiny water bodies). The urbanized area covers the town places like satellite town Yalahanka in the North; Hebbal in the south-east and Krishna Rajapuram in the west. The effect of urbanization has created the havoc in managing and maintaining the storm water drains, surface water and quality of ground water. RS & GIS has effectively used in findings for streams encroachment & LU-LC process

Groundwater Contamination and Pollution Prone Zones of Northern Part of Yale Mallappa Shetty Kere (YMSK) Watershed, Bangalore North using Remote Sensing and GIS

Hydro-Geochemical study of part of Yale Mallappa Shetty Kere (YMSK) watershed comprising two adjacent third order basins has been carried out. There are Twenty one water bodies including two major tanks viz., Singanayakanahalli kere and Gantiganahalli in the study area. Basin morphometry, geology, soil, slope, land use / land cover, transmissivity, depth to first fracture, depth to second fracture, depth to third fracture, resultant layers of Electrical Resistivity Survey which includes Resistivity of Soil, weathered zone, Bedrock, thickness of soil and weathered zone studied in detail using experimental data, Remote Sensing and GIS. Land use/ land cover both regional and around the contaminated bore wells have been studied. Nine borewell water samples collected and analysed for their physico-chemical parameters to understand the groundwater quality. Heavy metals like lead, zinc, copper, Iron, cadmium also analysed. Iron and Nitrate crosses the permissible limit in two bore wells. The details of land use / land cover around the bore wells have been used to identify the sources of contamination. The presence of big factories as well as small scale industries, agricultural practices, waste dumpsites, residential patches, vehicular traffic, vehicle garages, gasoline stations, quarries, air base, firing ranges, air traffic, asphalt manufacturing units, solar lamp manufacturing unit in and around the study area is playing a devil role in contaminating the water. Pollution Prone Zones have been delineated and validated. A comparative analysis of contaminated region and pollution prone zones has been made and it is matching with marginal exception

Evaluation of Morphometric Parameters Derived from CartoDEM and Aster GDEM with SOI Toposheets of Kumudvathi Watershed Basin, Karnataka, India

From three different sources viz. survey of India topographic map (1:50,000), CartoDEM (10mts) and Aster GDEM (30 mts) morphometric parameters are derived and evaluated. Manually digitized the drainage network from toposheets and extracted drainage network system from CartoDEM and Aster GDEM using ArcGIS 10.2 software. Basic, derived and shape parameters are considered for basin analysis. The mean bifurcation ratio of the given basin for CartoDEM & Aster GDEM are having nearby values and also indicates some sort of geological control, high stream frequency (Fs) is indicative of high relief and low infiltration capacity of the bedrock pointing towards the increase in stream population with respect to increase in drainage density, low drainage density (Dd) leads to coarse drainage texture, value of Lg for topographic, CartoDEM and Aster GDEM data indicating very fine texture & fine texture respectively. From the shape parameters the Kumudvathi watershed indicates it is sub-circular and elongated. The results from the high resolution data will have the nearby values and less of % variation, whereas in low resolution data % of variation is more and will not meet criteria

Design and analysis of optimized CORDIC based GMSK system on FPGA platform

The Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) is one of the best suited digital modulation schemes in the global system for mobile communication (GSM) because of its constant envelop and spectral efficiency characteristics. Most of the conventional GMSK approaches failed to balance the digital modulation with efficient usage of spectrum. In this article, the hardware architecture of the optimized CORDIC-based GMSK system is designed, which includes GMSK Modulation with the channel and GMSK Demodulation. The modulation consists of non-return zero (NRZ) encoder, an integrator followed by Gaussian filtering and frequency modulation (FM). The GMSK demodulation consists of FM demodulator, followed by differentiation and NRZ decoder. The FM Modulation and demodulation use the optimized CORDIC model for an In-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) phase generation. The optimized CORDIC is designed by using quadrant mapping and pipelined structure to improve the hardware and computational complexity in GMSK systems. The GMSK system is designed on the Xilinx platform and implemented on Artix-7 and Spartan-3EFPGA. The hardware constraints like area, power, and timing utilization are summarized. The comparison of the optimized CORDIC model with similar CORDIC approaches is tabulated with improvements