Why the Third Circuit Pro-Cooperative Federalism Preemption Holding in \u3cem\u3eBell\u3c/em\u3e Should Ultimately Be Adopted by the Supreme Court

In Bell v. Cheswick Generating Station, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit reversed a decision by the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, holding that state common law tort actions were not preempted by the federal Clean Air Act (“CAA”). The Third Circuit found that the savings clause of the CAA was nearly identical to that of the Clean Water Act (“CWA”), which had already been found to not preempt state common law tort actions by the U.S. Supreme Court. This Comment argues that the Third Circuit correctly compared the savings clauses of the CAA and the CWA. Further, it argues that the Supreme Court, with its history of allowing states to add to baseline federal safety legislation, would permit this action to stand. It then suggests that the Supreme Court should address the circuit split between the U.S. Courts of Appeals for the Third and Fourth Circuits on this issue, and predicts that the Court would come down on the side of the Third Circuit’s permissive analysis

Mars Prototype Rover Environmental Measurement System

In my senior project, the problem I am trying to solve is how to efficiently design, create, and install an original library onto a Mars prototype rover operating system and to further use that library to integrate a new weather measurement sensor device into the rover system with the necessary software and hardware implementations. This is an important and highly valued problem as many aerospace and other engineering companies utilize rovers and other autonomous systems for important research, explorations, and reconnaissance missions and goals. In solving this problem, I utilized many resources that were available to me such as advisors, clients, peer rover development teams, and many other academic videos and articles for understanding and guidance. I also spent a lot of time studying the existing code and hardware on the rover as I progressed on my senior project. In the end, I managed to successfully integrate my new sensor into the rover\u27s software and hardware design and was able to gather and display the desired measurements from the sensor through the rover\u27s operating system. The success of this project shows that although computer software and electrical hardware integration is complicated and tedious, advancements in this field of computer engineering could prove to be the key to propelling mankind into the next era of technology in engineering

CD28 Costimulation Requirement for Interferon-y Secretion by Natural Killer T cells During Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Natural Killer T cells (NKT cells) are a unique subset of lymphocytes that express natural killer (NK) and T cell receptors (TCR). The NKT cell population includes four separate subclasses. This paper will focus on Category I NKT cells which possess a canonical TCR receptor (Va14Ja281) that recognizes only hydrophobic antigens presented by CD1d molecules. These cells are believed to play an important regulatory role in immunity. A variety of disease conditions, including cancer, infections and Type I diabetes, are controlled by NKT cells. NKT cells are also capable of secreting large quantities of cytokines, namely interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-y ). This ability to switch between Th1 (IFN-y ) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines emphasizes the immunological regulatory role that these cells play. The mechanisms by which NKT cells select the cytokines they secrete are not well characterized. Blocking of CD28 by monoclonal antibodies or mutation of the CD28 gene impairs NKT cell s ability to secrete IFN-y in vitro. NKT cell of IFN-y secretion plays a significant role in the clearance of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a HBV transgenic mouse model. Abrogating or blocking expression of CD28 should significantly impair the ability of NKT cells to clear HBV infection. This thesis suggests a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments designed to test the role of CD28 in IFN-y secretion and HBV clearance in mice

Regeneration of Senecio x hybridus Hly. (florists\u27cineraria) by somatic embryogenesis

The somatic embryogenic potential of Senecio x hybridus Hyl (Florists\u27 Cineraria) was explored. Somatic embryos were initiated on semi-solid MS basal media amended with 3 mg/l 2,4-D and 1 mg/l BA (induction medium). An inverse relationship existed between sucrose concentration in the induction medium and globular embryo formation when sucrose exceeded 3%. The first and second leaves, from 13-18 and 20 days post-sown seedlings, respectively, were more responsive explants than cotyledons from the same source and sampling times. Somatic embryo development beyond the globular stage was greatly delayed or prevented by remaining on auxin-rich induction medium; therefore several two or three media transfer systems using either 0.5% or 1.0% AC were attempted. The two media system using (1) induction medium and a transfer to (2) MS basal medium with 1.0% AC, but without hormones, caused explant death or decline by 28 days post-inoculation to induction medium. The three media transfer system using (1) induction medium, (2) MS basal medium without hormones, supplemented with 0.5% AC for three days followed by a transfer to (3) MS basal medium without hormones and AC produced mature somatic embryos by 28 days post-inoculation to induction medium; however, embryos germinated precociously. Occasionally, explants that were not transferred from the initial induction medium (controls) developed mature embryos that did not germinate precociously after two-four months. Somatic embryos converted to plants and were grown to maturity: however, most plants were multi-stemmed. Histological examination of mature somatic embryos produced verification of embryo anatomy

Earnings Management in the Banking Industry

Executive summary Prior research suggests that banks have an incentive to smooth income through loan loss provisions (LLPs), but there has been no research on the effects of IFRS implementation on this. Using a sample of European banks and a single-stage regression that models the nondiscretionary part of LLPs and tests for income smoothing I examine first whether the level of earnings management by banks through loan loss provisioning has decreased since the IFRS-adoption. And second, whether loan loss disclosure requirements are negatively related to banks’ income smoothing. Results show that the level of earnings management has indeed decreased since IFRS adoption. However, evidence suggests that detailed disclosure requirements regarding loan loss accounting do not deter bank managers from using LLPs to their discretion for income smoothing

Watershed Based Analysis of Fecal Coliform within the Back Bay of Biloxi and its Surrounding Streams

In the development of the watershed, hydrodynamic, and water quality models for Back Bay of Biloxi in Mississippi, the Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources (BASINS 2.0) - Nonpoint Source Model (NPSM) was selected as the watershed model. The hydrodynamic and water quality models DNYHYD5 and EUTRO5 were selected as the tidally influenced bay models. The watershed model simulated nonpoint source flow and pollutant loadings for all sub-watersheds, routed flow and water quality, and accounted for all major point source discharges in the Back Bay of Biloxi watershed. Time varying output from the watershed model was applied directly to the Back Bay of Biloxi model. The Bay models, in turn simulated hydrodynamics and water quality, including water depth, velocities, and fecal coliform concentrations. Both watershed and Bay models were calibrated and verified against observed data. The calibrated/verified model was used as a planning tool to assess the water quality in the Watershed and the Bay as well as for calculating Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) and Waste Load Allocation (WLA)

A typology of online sponsorships

The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file.Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 12, 2008)Thesis (M.A.) University of Missouri-Columbia 2008.This research provides a broad look at sponsorships across the Internet. The research sought to examine the characteristics of sponsorships across and within different website types, with a focus on health websites and blogs. It also provides insight into the way sponsorships have evolved as they move from their traditional formats and onto the Internet. A content analysis was performed over the course of four weeks and a total of 2,967 sponsorships were found. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and significance was determined using chi-square tests. Significant relationships were found in the way sponsorships were structured across and within website types. The results pointed to trends within website types and different levels of sophistication across website types. There were also many sponsorships found that showed similarities with traditional sponsorship, but displayed a structural evolution as a result of their placement on the Internet.Includes bibliographical reference

Book Review: The Paraprofessional\u27s Guide to the Inclusive Classroom: Working as a Team

In a special education program, working with paraprofessionals can be either an asset or a nightmare of tension and conflicting role expectations. As a supervisor of student teachers, the complaint that is heard most often is the difficulty establishing a smooth, coherent working relationship with paraprofessionals in the classroom. Often many school districts do not adequately define the roles and expectations for paraprofessionals and do not provide training and preparation for this position. The purpose of this text is to provide a format and structure for creating just such a working relationship