6 research outputs found
Comparing the genetic typing methods for effective surveillance and rabies control in Georgia
A full nucleoprotein gene sequencing of 68 isolates collected from passive rabies surveillance system in Georgia between 2015 and 2016 identified two distinct dog rabies phylogroups, GEO_V1 and GEO_V2, which both belonged to the cosmopolitan dog clade. GEO_V1 was found throughout the country and was further divided into four sub-phylogroups that overlapped geographically; GEO_V2 was found in the southeast region and was closely related to dog rabies in Azerbaijan. A sequence analysis of the full N gene, partial nucleoprotein gene of N-terminal and C-terminal, and the amplicon sequences of pan-lyssavirus RT-qPCR LN34 showed that all four sequencing approaches provided clear genetic typing results of canine rabies and could further differentiate GEO_V1 and GEO_V2. The phylogenetic analysis results vary and were affected by the length of the sequences used. Amplicon sequencing of the LN34 assay positive samples provided a rapid and cost-effective method for rabies genetic typing, which is important for improving rabies surveillance and canine rabies eradication globally
Metabolomics of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Humans Treated for Rabies
Rabies is a rapidly progressive lyssavirus encephalitis
that is
statistically 100% fatal. There are no clinically effective antiviral
drugs for rabies. An immunologically naïve teenager survived
rabies in 2004 through improvised supportive care; since then, 5 additional
survivors have been associated with use of the so-called Milwaukee
Protocol (MP). The MP applies critical care focused on the altered
metabolic and physiologic states associated with rabies. The aim of
this study was to examine the metabolic profile of cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) from rabies patients during clinical progression of rabies encephalitis
in survivors and nonsurvivors and to compare these samples with control
CSF samples. Unsupervised clustering algorithms distinguished three
stages of rabies disease and identified several metabolites that differentiated
rabies survivors from those who subsequently died, in particular,
metabolites related to energy metabolism and cell volume control.
Moreover, for those patients who survived, the trajectory of their
metabolic profile tracked toward the control profile and away from
the rabies profile. NMR metabolomics of human rabies CSF provide new
insights into the mechanisms of rabies pathogenesis, which may guide
future therapy of this disease