Procedure for acquisition and analysis of speckle images.

<p>(a) sample; (b) image under white light; (c) image under coherent light; (d) image with false colors; (e) LASCA method.</p

Sample; (a) white light image; (b) coherent light image; (c) false color image with averaged intensity.

<p>Sample; (a) white light image; (b) coherent light image; (c) false color image with averaged intensity.</p

Typical LASCA maps of; (a) eroded tissue; (b) sound tissue.

<p>Typical LASCA maps of; (a) eroded tissue; (b) sound tissue.</p

Irradiation and fluorescence parameters for each photosensitizer.

<p>Irradiation and fluorescence parameters for each photosensitizer.</p

Chemical structures of the photosensitizers used in this study.

<p>(A) Methylene blue; (B) Rose Bengal; (C) Selenium Nile blue derivatrive (EtNBSe); (D) Tris-cationic fullerene (BB6); poly-L-lysine chlorin (e6) conjugate (pL-ce6).</p

Confocal microscopy image of <i>C. neoformas</i> KN99α.

<p>Cells were treated with APDI mediated by pL-ce6 (10 µM) and then incubated with FITC-annexin V and PI. Green represents fluorescence of externalized phosphatidylserine that is correlated to the initial steps of apoptosis, and red corresponds to fluorescence of PI (advanced apoptosis/necrosis). We present three pictures of the same field: Transmittance in column A, green and red fluorescence in columns B and C respectively. The first line of figures is the stained samples before APDI (0J/cm²), the second line is following an irradiation of 10J/cm² and the last one was irradiated with fluence of 40J/cm². Scale bars 8µm.</p

Protection of <i>C. neoformans</i> against APDI by melanin.

<p><i>C. neoformans</i> ATCC 208820 (laccase positive strain) were grown in a minimal medium with or without L-dopa and subjected to APDI with pL-ce6 (10 µM in PBS for 30 min followed by a wash and illumination with 665-nm). Data are means and bars are the standard deviation. * P<0.05; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001 for survival of +L-dopa vs no L-dopa.</p

Effect of capsule on photodynamic inactivation of <i>C. neoformans</i> KN99α (black squares) and <i>cap59</i> (open squares).

<p>(A) methylene blue, (B) rose bengal, (C) EtNBSe, (D) BB6, (E) pL-ce6 were used as photosensitizers at 10 µM in PBS for 30 min followed by a wash and illumination with the wavelengths specified in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0054387#pone-0054387-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>. Data are means and bars are the standard deviation. * P<0.05; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001 for survival of KN99α vs <i>cap59.</i></p