80 research outputs found
Support for EU membership in Croatia has fallen dramatically since accession negotiations began in 2003
This summer, Croatia is due to become the 28th member state of the European Union. But how do Croatians feel about EU membership? Renata Franc, Vanja Medjugorac and the project MYPLACE team report that support for EU membership in Croatia has fallen dramatically since accession negotiations began in 2003. They attribute this fall in support to the lack of public debate about joining the EU, as well as poor information and stereotypes about how the EU functions
Self-report measure of attitude functions: instrumental attitudes towards condom use and value-expressive attitudes towards voting?
This study presents an attempt to develop and validate a direct self-report measure of instrumental, value-expressive and social adjustive attitude function. Participants were two samples of university student (N = 442) and we used two specific attitude objects e.g. “voting” and “condom use”. Factor analyses conducted on two different samples and with two different attitude objects revealed congruent factor solutions, suggesting a reliable and replicable expected three-factor structure. In addition, resulted scales have satisfactory high reliability. A two multiple regression analyses with the general attitude score as the dependent variable and a three attitude functions scores as predictors, revealed that that instrumental function is only important predictor of attitude towards condom use, while value-expressive function is solely important predictor of attitude towards voting. More compelling evidence for the validity of the scales would be provided if it were shown that scales could differentiate between instrumental, value-expressive and social adjustive attitudes that were newly established with an experimental manipulation or are sensitive for attitude function salience manipulation related to existing attitudes
Das Mehrkomponenten-Modell von Einstellungen gegenüber verschiedenen Bevölkerungsgruppen und Begleitmaßnahmen des offenen Typs
Prema višekomponentnom modelu stavova, naši stavovi prema
pripadnicima skupina temelje se na osjećajima koje doživljavamo
prema pripadnicima tih skupina, vjerovanjima o obilježjima
pripadnika skupine i vjerovanjima o tome koje vrednote pripadnici
skupine promoviraju ili blokiraju. Prvi cilj ovog rada bio je
provjera valjanosti i pouzdanosti mjera otvorenog tipa za zahvaćanje
pretpostavljenih komponenata stava prema skupinama.
Drugi cilj bio je provjera valjanosti višekomponentnog modela
stavova prema skupinama. U ispitivanju su rabljena dva objekta
stava; skupine "invalidi Domovinskog rata" i "ovisnici o drogama".
Opći stav prema dvije skupine izmjeren je skalama semantičkog
diferencijala. Na temelju provedenih analiza, s obzirom na sadržaj i
samoprocijenjeni stupanj pozitivnosti slobodnih odgovora
ispitanika (N=119), zaključeno je da mjere otvorenog tipa
omogućuju valjano zahvaćanje tri komponente stava. Utvrđena
split-half pouzdanost mjera otvorenog tipa je zadovoljavajuća,
iako je niža od prosječne koja se navodi u literaturi. Kod oba
objekta stava regresijskom analizom je utvrđeno da ostvarenom
umjerenom objašnjenju općeg stava značajno samostalno pridonose
stereotipi. Samostalan prinos osjećaja utvrđen je samo kod
jednog objekta stava, dok u oba slučaja nije utvrđena prediktivna
važnost simboličkih vjerovanja. Navedeni nalazi ne potvrđuju
važnost simboličkih vjerovanja kao dijela kognitivne osnove stava,
što je osnovna novost višekomponentnog modela stavova
prema skupinama u odnosu na opći višekomponentni model
stavova.According to the multicomponent model of intergroup
attitudes our attitudes towards groups are based on emotions
toward group members, beliefs about specific characteristics
of members of the social group and beliefs about which
values are promoted or blocked by the group members. The
first aim of this study was to check the validity and reliability
of the open-ended measures for assessing components of
attitudes towards groups, and the second aim was to test the
multicomponent model of intergroup attitudes. The study
examined attitudes toward two groups as attitude objects.
General attitude was assessed by semantic differential scales.
On the bases of data analysis with regard to the content and
favorability of subjects’ (N=119) free-responses it was
concluded that open-ended measures are valid indicators of
attitudinal components. The split-half reliability of open
ended measures are satisfactory although lower than mean
reliability indices found in literature. A multiple regression
analysis revealed that stereotypes provided a significant
contribution to the prediction of attitude towards both
groups. Affective responses were a significant unique
predictor for attitude towards only one group whereas
symbolic beliefs in both cases were not predictive of the
general attitude. The results do not support the importance
of symbolic beliefs as a part of the cognitive basis of
attitudes, which is the main new part of the multicomponent
model of intergroup attitudes with regard to the general
multicomponent model of attitudes.Gemäß dem Mehrkomponenten-Modell gründen sich unsere
Einstellungen gegenüber verschiedenen
Bevölkerungsgruppen auf den Gefühlen, die wir ihnen
gegenüber empfinden, auf den Überzeugungen, die wir in
Bezug auf ihre (vermeintlichen) Eigenschaften hegen, sowie
auf den Überzeugungen davon, welche Werte von diesen Bevölkerungsgruppen propagiert oder aber abgeblockt
werden. Das erste Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Überprüfung der
Gültigkeit und der Verlässlichkeit von Maßnahmen des
offenen Typs zur Ermittlung vermuteter Einstellungen zu
bestimmten Bevölkerungsgruppen. Das zweite Ziel war die
Überprüfung der Gültigkeit des Mehrkomponenten-Modells
von Einstellungen gegenüber verschiedenen
Bevölkerungsgruppen. Die Untersuchung bediente sich
zweier Bevölkerungsgruppen: der Invaliden des serbischen
Aggressionskriegs 1991–95 und der Drogenabhängigen. Die
allgemeine Einstellung gegenüber diesen Gruppen wurde
anhand zweier Skalen zur Ermittlung des semantischen
Differentials gemessen. Die durchgeführten Analysen
bezüglich Inhalt und Positivität der freien Antworten, wie sie
von den Befragten (N = 119) selbst eingeschätzt wird,
ermöglichen den Schluss, dass Maßnahmen des offenen Typs
eine korrekte Ermittlung dreier Einstellungskomponenten
ermöglichen. Die Split-half-Zuverlässigkeit von Maßnahmen
des offenen Typs ist zufriedenstellend, auch wenn sie unter
dem in der Fachliteratur angeführten Durchschnittswert liegt.
Bei beiden angeführten Objekten ergab die
Regressionsanalyse, dass Stereotypen wesentlich zur
Meinungsbildung beitragen. Bei einem der Objekte trugen
auch Gefühle zur Meinungsbildung bei, während in keinem
der Fälle symbolische Auffassungen von Bedeutung waren.
Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung bestätigen in keiner
Weise die Bedeutung symbolischer Auffassungen als eines
Teils der kognitiven Meinungsgrundlage – dies ein Novum
des Mehrkomponenten-Modells von Einstellungen gegenüber
verschiedenen Bevölkerunsggruppen, im Vergleich zum
allgemeinen Mehrkomponenten-Modell
Stability and Change of Personal and (Post)materialist Values among Croatian Citizens
Cilj je rada provjera stabilnosti temeljnih vrijednosti hrvatskih
građana od 2008./2009. do 2011. godine u sklopu Schwartzove teorije te od 1999. do 2017./2018. godine u sklopu Inglehartove teorije. Pritom se provjerava je li eventualna promjena
univerzalna ili ovisi o sociodemografskim obilježjima (spol, dob i
obrazovanje). Rad se temelji na nacionalno reprezentativnim
podacima za Hrvatsku iz dva vala Europskoga društvenog
istraživanja te tri vala Europske studije vrednota. Rezultati u
pogledu osobnih vrijednosti upućuju više na univerzalnu
stabilnost nego na promjene od 2008./2009. do 2011. godine
(te mogućnost da promjena ovisi o pojedinim sociodemografskim obilježjima). Za razliku od toga, 2008. godine u odnosu
na 1999. i 2017./2018. godinu zabilježena je privremena i
univerzalna (neovisna o sociodemografskim obilježjima) manja
zastupljenost postmaterijalističkih vrijednosti. Nalazi o
sociodemografskim obilježjima kao izvorima varijacija u
vrijednostima potvrđuju dob kao bitan izvor varijacija u osobnim
vrijednostima, dok su dobivene vrlo male razlike u osobnim i
postmaterijalističkim vrijednostima s obzirom na spol i
naobrazbu.The aim was to determine the stability of human values among
Croatian citizens within Schwartz\u27s theory of basic human values
(Schwartz, 1992) in the period between 2008/09 and 2011,
and Inglehart’s theory of postmaterialism (Inglehart, 1977) in
the period between 1999 and 2017/2018. It was checked
whether the eventual change was universal, or whether it
depended on sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age
and education). The research is based on representative data
collected in two waves of European Social Survey and three
waves of European Value Study. In terms of personal values, the
results suggest universal stability over change in the period from
2008/09 to 2011 (there is a possibility that change depends on
individual sociodemographic characteristics). In contrast, in
2008 compared to 1999 and 2017/18, postmaterialist values
are given temporary and universal (independent of sociodemographic characteristics) lower priority. Findings on
sociodemographic characteristics as sources of variation in
values confirm age as an important source of variation in
personal values, while with respect to gender and education,
very small differences in personal and postmaterialist values
have been obtained
Unterschiede zwischen Blutspendern und Nichtspendern: Intensität und Dimensionalität von Einstellungen, voraussichtlicher Spendebereitschaft und tatsächlichem Spendeverhalten
Cilj istra`ivanja bio je provjeriti dimenzionalnost
stava prema davanju krvi i ispitati eventualne razlike u
strukturi stava izme|u davatelja i nedavatelja krvi.
Nadalje, `eljeli smo ustanoviti postoje li razlike izme|u
davatelja i nedavatelja s obzirom na pojedine aspekte
stava prema davanju krvi te razlike u predvi|anju
namjere i pona{anja. Istra`ivanje je provedeno na
prigodnom uzorku od 417 zaposlenih osoba (158
davatelja i 259 nedavatelja), a mjereni su stavovi prema
darivanju krvi (Likertova skala i skala bipolarnih pridjeva)
i namjera. Stvarno pona{anje pra}eno je tri mjeseca nakon
primjene upitnika. Skala stavova faktorizirala se u
4 faktora, od kojih su dva pozitivna – obaveza
i opravdanost – a dva negativna – direktna opasnost i
banalni razlozi. Ako broj faktora ograni~imo na dva,
potvr|ujemo hipotezu o pozitivnoj i negativnoj dimenziji
stava. Izme|u davatelja i nedavatelja nije na|ena
razlika u faktorskoj strukturi. Utvr|ena je niska i zna~ajna
povezanost stava i namjere. Op}i stav i davateljsko
iskustvo zna~ajni su prediktori namjere. Povezanost
namjere i pona{anja tako|er je niska, a, o~ekivano,
ekstremni stupnjevi namjere (pozitivni i negativni) bolje
diferenciraju pona{anje od blago pozitivnih ili blago
negativnih.The aim of this study was to explore the dimensionality of the
attitudes towards blood donation and to examine possible
differences in attitude structure between donors and nondonors.
Furthermore, we intended to test the differences
between donors and non-donors regarding certain aspects
of the attitudes towards blood donation, and the differences
in predicting intention and behavior. A total sample of 417
persons participated in this research (158 donors and 259
non-donors). Attitudes towards blood donation (Likert scale
and bipolar adjectives scale) and intention to donate were
assessed. Actual behavior was observed in the period of 3
months after the administration of the questionnaires. Factor
analysis showed 4 significant factors, two of them positive
(obligation, justification) and two negative (direct threat and
common reasons). When the number of factors was limited
to two, the hypothesis of positive and negative component of
attitudes was confirmed. There was no difference between
donors and non-donors in attitude structure. Low and
significant correlation was found between attitudes and
intention. The correlation between intention and behavior is
also low and significant, and, as expected, extreme degrees
(either positive or negative) of intention are better in behavior
differentiation, compared to the moderate ones.Mit der vorliegenden Untersuchung sollten die
Dimensionalität der Einstellung zur Praxis des Blutspendens
ermittelt und eventuelle Strukturunterschiede zwischen den
Einstellungen von Spendern und Nichtspendern
herausgearbeitet werden. Ferner gingen die Autorinnen der
Frage nach, ob es auch in Bezug auf einzelne Aspekte in der
Einstellung zum Blutspenden sowie bezüglich der
voraussichtlichen Spendebereitschaft und dem tatsächlichen
Spendeverhalten Unterschiede zwischen Spendern und
Nichtspendern gibt. Es wurde eine Untersuchung
durchgeführt, an der 417 berufstätige Personen teilnahmen
(darunter 158 Blutspender und 259 Nichtspender). Ermittelt
wurden die Einstellungen zum Blutspenden (anhand der
Likert-Skala sowie der Befindlichkeitsskala bipolarer
Adjektivpaare) und das Vorhandensein einer diesbezüglichen
Absicht. Das tatsächliche Verhalten der Befragten wurde über
den Zeitraum der nachfolgenden drei Monate mitverfolgt.
Die Skala der Einstellungen umfasste vier Faktoren. Die
positiven Faktoren lauteten Pflicht und Angemessenheit, die
negativen direkte Gefahr und banale Gründe. Reduziert man
die Faktorenzahl auf zwei, wird dadurch die Hypothese vom
Bestehen einer positiven und einer negativen Dimension der
bestehenden Einstellungen bestätigt. Hinsichtlich der
Faktorenstruktur konnten keinerlei Unterschiede zwischen
Blutspendern und Nichtspendern gefunden werden. Jedoch
konnte ein zwar nicht stark ausgeprägter, dafür aber
relevanter Bezug zwischen Einstellung und
Spendebereitschaft ermittelt werden. Die allgemeine
Einstellung und die Spendeerfahrung sind bedeutende
Prädiktoren einer Spendebereitschaft. Zwischen
Spendebereitschaft und tatsächlichem Verhalten besteht
ebenfalls ein schwach ausgeprägter Bezug, während extrem
positive bzw. extrem negative Bekundungen hinsichtlich der
Spendebereitschaft von einem differenzierteren Verhalten
begleitet sind als gemäßigte positive bzw. gemäßigte
negative, was ja auch zu erwarten war
Physical Attractiveness Stereotype \u27Beautiful is Good\u27 in the Context of The Big Five Personality Theory
Cilj je rada bio provjeriti postojanje stereotipa fizičke privlačnosti te ispitati sadržaj tog stereotipa u okviru petofaktorske teorije ličnosti. Točnije, u radu se provjerava postoje li razlike u procjeni podražajnih osoba (osoba koje se procjenjuju) različitog spola i različitog stupnja privlačnosti (jako privlačna lica, prosječno privlačna lica i neprivlačna lica) na pet osnovnih dimenzija ličnosti: ekstraverziji, ugodnosti, emocionalnoj stabilnosti, savjesnosti i otvorenosti. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 106 studentica čiji je zadatak bio procijeniti osobine ličnosti nepoznatih osoba s fotografija.
U istraživanju je utvrđen značajan efekt stupnja privlačnosti i spola podražajnih osoba na procjenu većine obuhvaćenih dimenzija ličnosti, kao i interakcijski efekt spola i privlačnosti. Za razliku od dosadašnjih nalaza prema kojima se privlačnim osobama pridaju relativno pozitivnije osobine, u ovom je istraživanju utvrđeno da se osobe prosječne privlačnosti procjenjuju relativno najugodnijima, emocionalno najstabilnijima i najekstravertiranijima, neovisno o njihovu spolu. Neprivlačne se podražajne osobe procjenjuju najintrovertiranijima i najmanje emocionalno stabilnima te najmanje otvorenima. Interakcijski su efekti privlačnosti i spola podražajne osobe utvrđeni kod procjena ekstraverzije, emocionalne stabilnosti, savjesnosti i otvorenosti.
U radu se raspravlja o složenom međuodnosu ispitanih varijabli, evolucijskim čimbenicima, kao i o drugim mogućim uzrocima ovog stereotipa.The aim of this research was to check the existence of the physical attractiveness stereotype and to examine the content of this stereotype in the context of the Big Five personality theory. Specifically, the study examined whether different levels of the physical attractiveness (very attractive faces, attractive faces and unattractive faces) and sex of target affect people’s judgment of five personality traits: extroversion, emotional stability, conscientiousness, openness and agreeableness.
Participants (106 female students) judged personality traits of target faces from the photos. Results revealed that judgments of almost all investigated personality dimensions are affected by the attractiveness and sex of the target person, as well as their interaction. Contrary to previous finding on this stereotype which showed that the most positive traits were ascribed to the attractive targets, this study showed that targets of average physical attractiveness were judged as the most agreeable, emotionally stable and extraverted, regardless of their sex. Unattractive targets were assessed as the most introverted, emotionally unstable and low on openness dimension. Interactive effects of targets\u27 physical attractiveness and gender were confirmed on the judgments of extraversion, emotional stability, conscientiousness and openness. Results are discussed in the context of complex relationships between investigated variables, evolutionary factors and other possible causes of this stereotype
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