4,597 research outputs found
Motion of the hydrogen bond proton in cytosine and the transition between its normal and imino states
The potential energy surface of the H13 proton in base cytosine of the DNA
molecules is calculated {\it ab initio} at the Gaussian98 MP2/6-311G(d,p)
level. Two potential wells are found. One corresponds to the normal cytosine,
while the other corresponds to its imino tautomer. The bindings of the proton
in these wells are stable enough against the thermo-disturbance. The motions of
the proton in these wells are oscillations around the nearest nitrogen atom
like the pendula, and may move far away from the nitrogen atom to form the
hydrogen bond with other bases. The estimated tunneling probability of the H13
proton from one well to another well shows that the life time of the proton
staying in one of these wells is about 6 yr. It is too long to let
tautomers of cytosine be in thermodynamical equilibrium in a room temperature
gas phase experiment. The biological significance of these result is discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, replace the bmp files in figures 1 and 2 by
corresponding eps files in tex
Enhanced Low-resolution LiDAR-Camera Calibration Via Depth Interpolation and Supervised Contrastive Learning
Motivated by the increasing application of low-resolution LiDAR recently, we
target the problem of low-resolution LiDAR-camera calibration in this work. The
main challenges are two-fold: sparsity and noise in point clouds. To address
the problem, we propose to apply depth interpolation to increase the point
density and supervised contrastive learning to learn noise-resistant features.
The experiments on RELLIS-3D demonstrate that our approach achieves an average
mean absolute rotation/translation errors of 0.15cm/0.33\textdegree on
32-channel LiDAR point cloud data, which significantly outperforms all
reference methods
Recommended from our members
Stratosphere-troposphere coupling during stratospheric extremes in the 2022/23 winter
Using the ERA5 reanalysis, sea surface temperature, sea ice observations, and the real-time multivariate Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) index, the evolution of the stratospheric extreme circulation in the winter of 2022/2023 is explored. The stratospheric polar vortex was disturbed three times in the 2022/23 winter, contrasted with only one disturbance during the other three recent winters with an SSW. Possible favorable conditions for the strong stratospheric disturbances and their effects on stratospheric ozone, water vapor distribution, and near-surface temperature were examined. Around 7 December 2022 when a short but strong pulse of planetary wavenumber 2 appeared from the troposphere to stratosphere, a weakened and elongated stratospheric polar vortex formed at 10 hPa. This pulse is related to the intensifying Ural ridge and the deepening East Asian trough. After the first stratospheric disturbance, a large fraction of cold anomalies occurred in the Eurasian continent. A lagged impact after these stratospheric disturbances was observed as strong cold anomalies formed in North America from 13 to 23 December. On 28 January 2023, a minor SSW event occurred due to a displacement of the stratospheric polar vortex. A strong pulse of eddy heat flux contributed alternately by planetary wavenumber 1 and 2 showed a large accumulative effect on the stratospheric disturbance. However, the downward impact of this second disturbance was weak, and cold surges were not noticeable after this minor SSW. The third stratospheric disturbance this winter is a major displace-type SSW that occurred on 16 February 2023, and the total eddy heat flux primarily contributed by planetary wavenumber 1 increased rapidly. Following the major SSW, the North American continent was covered by large patches of strong cold anomalies until the end of March. During the three disturbances, the residual circulation correspondingly strengthened. The water vapor and ozone in the middle and lower layers of the polar stratosphere showed positive anomaly disturbances, especially after the major SSW onset. The unprecedented frequent stratospheric disturbances in winter 2022/23 were accompanied by severe loss of Barents-Laptev Sea ice and anomalously cold tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (La Niña), which have been reported to be conducive to the enhancement of planetary waves 1 and 2 respectively. Further, two weeks before the major SSW, existing MJO developed into phases 4–6, also contributing to the occurrence of major SSW
Physics-informed Deep Super-resolution for Spatiotemporal Data
High-fidelity simulation of complex physical systems is exorbitantly
expensive and inaccessible across spatiotemporal scales. Recently, there has
been an increasing interest in leveraging deep learning to augment scientific
data based on the coarse-grained simulations, which is of cheap computational
expense and retains satisfactory solution accuracy. However, the major existing
work focuses on data-driven approaches which rely on rich training datasets and
lack sufficient physical constraints. To this end, we propose a novel and
efficient spatiotemporal super-resolution framework via physics-informed
learning, inspired by the independence between temporal and spatial derivatives
in partial differential equations (PDEs). The general principle is to leverage
the temporal interpolation for flow estimation, and then introduce
convolutional-recurrent neural networks for learning temporal refinement.
Furthermore, we employ the stacked residual blocks with wide activation and
sub-pixel layers with pixelshuffle for spatial reconstruction, where feature
extraction is conducted in a low-resolution latent space. Moreover, we consider
hard imposition of boundary conditions in the network to improve reconstruction
accuracy. Results demonstrate the superior effectiveness and efficiency of the
proposed method compared with baseline algorithms through extensive numerical
experiments
Xar-Trek: Run-Time Execution Migration among FPGAs and Heterogeneous-ISA CPUs
Datacenter servers are increasingly heterogeneous: from x86 host CPUs, to ARM
or RISC-V CPUs in NICs/SSDs, to FPGAs. Previous works have demonstrated that
migrating application execution at run-time across heterogeneous-ISA CPUs can
yield significant performance and energy gains, with relatively little
programmer effort. However, FPGAs have often been overlooked in that context:
hardware acceleration using FPGAs involves statically implementing select
application functions, which prohibits dynamic and transparent migration. We
present Xar-Trek, a new compiler and run-time software framework that overcomes
this limitation. Xar-Trek compiles an application for several CPU ISAs and
select application functions for acceleration on an FPGA, allowing execution
migration between heterogeneous-ISA CPUs and FPGAs at run-time. Xar-Trek's
run-time monitors server workloads and migrates application functions to an
FPGA or to heterogeneous-ISA CPUs based on a scheduling policy. We develop a
heuristic policy that uses application workload profiles to make scheduling
decisions. Our evaluations conducted on a system with x86-64 server CPUs, ARM64
server CPUs, and an Alveo accelerator card reveal 88%-1% performance gains over
no-migration baselines
A newly synthetic chromium complex – chromium(phenylalanine)3 improves insulin responsiveness and reduces whole body glucose tolerance
AbstractLow-molecular-weight organic chromium complexes such as chromium picolinate are often used as dietary supplements to improve insulin sensitivity and to correct dyslipidemia. However, toxicity associated with such chromium compounds has compromised their therapeutic value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a newly synthesized complex of chromium with phenylalanine, Cr(pa)3 on insulin-signaling and glucose tolerance. Cr(pa)3 was synthesized by chelating chromium(III) with d-phenylalanine ligand in aqueous solution. In mouse 3T3-adipocytes, Cr(pa)3 augmented insulin-stimulated glucose-uptake as assessed by a radioactive-glucose uptake assay. At the molecular level, Cr(pa)3 enhanced insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt in a time- and concentration-dependent manner without altering the phosphorylation of insulin receptor. Oral treatment with Cr(pa)3 (150μg/kg/d, for six weeks) in ob/ob(+/+) obese mice significantly alleviated glucose tolerance compared with untreated obese mice. Unlike chromium picolinate, Cr(pa)3 does not cleave DNA under physiological reducing conditions. Collectively, these data suggest that Cr(pa)3 may represent a novel, less-toxic chromium supplement with potential therapeutic value to improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in type II diabetes
- …