Diastereoisomers of Ruthenium Dyes with Unsymmetric Ligands for DSC: Fundamental Chemistry and Photovoltaic Performance

A new thiocyanic acid-free ruthenium sensitizer, CYC-B29, containing two unsymmetrical ancillary ligands, was synthesized, and its three diastereoisomers CYC-B29-CC, CYC-B29-TT, and CYC-B29-CT with significantly different optical, electronic, and electrochemical properties were carefully separated. CYC-B29-TT with the smallest size has the strongest absorption coefficient of the MLCT band, the shortest λ_max, the lowest highest occupied molecular orbital level and the highest dye loading. Therefore, dye-sensitized solar cell based on CYC-B29-TT has the highest efficiency, which is two times higher than that of CYC-B29-CC-sensitized device and 10% higher than that of N719-based cell. Time-dependent density functional theory-calculated transition bands for the three isomers are not identical, and only CYC-B29-TT has the calculated transition bands close to the experimental absorption profile. Although the calculated transition bands for CYC-B29-CC and CYC-B29-CT are not consistent with the experimental data, the ground-state vertical excitation energy with oscillator strength and electron-density difference map data combining with the dye loading predict correctly the order of the photocurrent for the three isomers sensitized devices

Impaired Frontal-Basal Ganglia Connectivity in Male Adolescents with Conduct Disorder

<div><p>Alack of inhibition control has been found in subjects with conduct disorder (CD), but the underlying neuropathophysiology remains poorly understood. The current study investigated the different mechanism of inhibition control in adolescent-onset CD males (n = 29) and well-matched healthy controls (HCs) (n = 40) when performing a GoStop task by functional magnetic resonance images. Effective connectivity (EC) within the inhibition control network was analyzed using a stochastic dynamic causality model. We found that EC within the inhibition control network was significantly different in the CD group when compared to the HCs. Exploratory relationship analysis revealed significant negative associations between EC between the IFG and striatum and behavioral scale scores in the CD group. These results suggest for the first time that the failure of inhibition control in subjects with CD might be associated with aberrant connectivity of the frontal–basal ganglia pathways, especially between the IFG and striatum.</p></div

Additional file 1 of Dose-dependent changes in real-life affective well-being in healthy community-based individuals with mild to moderate childhood trauma exposure

Supplementary Material

Effective connectivity within the response inhibition network in healthy controls (HC) and subjects with conduct disorder (CD).

<p>Left: Significant connectivity in the HC group; middle: significant connectivity in the CD group; right: connectivity showing significant group differences (dark blue, HC>CD; white, CD>HC). IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; pre-SMA, pre-supplementary motor area.</p

Brain regions with significantly lower activation in the conduct disorder group relative to the healthy control group during response inhibition (p< .05 [false discovery rate–corrected]).

<p>IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; pre-SMA, pre-supplementary motor area.</p