8 research outputs found
Breeding next generation tree fruits: technical and legal challenges
The new plant breeding technologies (NPBTs) have recently emerged as powerful tools in the context of ‘green’ biotechnologies.
They have wide potential compared to classical genetic engineering and they are attracting the interest of politicians, stakeholders
and citizens due to the revolutionary impact they may have on agriculture. Cisgenesis and genome editing potentially allow to
obtain pathogen-resistant plants or plants with enhanced qualitative traits by introducing or disrupting specific genes in shorter
times compared to traditional breeding programs and by means of minimal modifications in the plant genome. Grapevine, the
most important fruit crop in the world from an economical point of view, is a peculiar case for NPBTs because of the load of cultural
aspects, varietal traditions and consumer demands, which hinder the use of classical breeding techniques and, furthermore, the
application of genetic engineering to wine grape cultivars. Here we explore the technical challenges which may hamper the
application of cisgenesis and genome editing to this perennial plant, in particular focusing on the bottlenecks of the Agrobacteriummediated
gene transfer. In addition, strategies to eliminate undesired sequences from the genome and to choose proper target
sites are discussed in light of peculiar features of this species. Furthermore is reported an update of the international legislative
frameworks regulating NPBT products which shows conflicting positions and, in the case of the European Union, a prolonged lack
of regulation