Vibrational spectra and internal rotation of chlorophosphines

The present paper is devoted to the investigation of i.r. spectra (400-4000 cm-1) of ClCH2PCl2, C2H5PCl2, (C2H5)2PCl, Ph(C2H5)PCl in gaseous, liquid and crystalline states and of Raman spectra of ClCH2PCl2 and C2H5PCl2 in liquid state. The influence of temperature on i.r. spectra has been studied. The normal co-ordinate analysis of different conformers of CH3PCl2, ClCH2PCl2 and C2H5PCl2 has been carried out. The experimental material and normal co-ordinate analysis shows that in ClCH2PCl2, C2H5PCl2 and (C2H5)2PCl the internal rotation around the PC bond is possible and that these molecules are present in a liquid as a mixture of two rotational isomers. The terms Vk in the decomposition of potential energy of internal rotational into Fourier series has been evaluated in the approximation of the harmonic oscillator. © 1976

Nonspecific inflammatory reaction in early terms of pregnancy: from supposition to evidence

The purpose of research: to estimate features of a nonspecific inflammatory response in early terms of pregnancy. The immunologic inspection of peripheral blood 19 women reproductive age in 4-6 weeks of gestation is carried out, the group of comparison was made by 20 nonpregnant women. Number of activation markers CD23, CD25, CD38, CD69, CD71, CD95, HLA-DR and adhesion molecules CD11 b, CD11 c, CD54 expressed cells was estimated by flow cytometry. Level of cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL- 6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-βα and concentration of acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein, lactoferrin, ferritin in serum of blood was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Level of a 1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, gaptoglobin and aj-macroglobulin was determined by the turbidimetric method. Statistical data analysis was carred out with use of an application package «Statistica 6.0», the reliability of distinctions between groups was estimated by use the nonparametric U-Mann-Whitney criterion. It has been found that in early terms of physiological pregnancy increase percentage of early and late activation markers expressed lymphocyte (CD23+, CD69+, HLA-DR+, CD95+, CD25+, CD71 +) and rate of adhesion molecules carryd cells (CD11 b+, CD54+). Increase functional activity of immune cells is accompanied by increase of a serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, TNF-α and acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein, lactoferrin, ceruloplasmin, α1-antitrypsin and α2-macroglobulin). Increase of production anti­inflammatory mediator IL-4 and antioxidative acute phase proteins is reflection of protective factors influence, which limit systemic activation of maternal organism. Consequently early terms of physiological pregnancy are characterized by signs of a nonspecific inflammatory reaction: activation of circulating leucocytes in response to fetal antigenic stimulation, expression on immune cells adhesion molecules, spontaneous hyperproduction of cytokines and elevated concentration of acute phase proteins in serum. Realization of stress response to fetal antigens to adaptation of maternal organism to pregnancy take place in case of functioning of fetoprotective and stresslimited mechanisms.Цель исследования: оценить особенности неспецифического воспалительного ответа в ранние сроки беременности. Проведено иммунологическое обследование периферической крови 19 женщин репродуктивного возраста в сроке беременности 4 -6 недель, фуппу сравнения составили 20 небеременных женщин. Методом проточной лазерной цитофлюориметрии определяли количество клеток, экспрессирующих маркеры активации: CD23, CD25, CD38, CD69, CD71, CD95, HLA-DR, а также молекулы адгезии CD11 b, CD11с, CD54. Содержание цитокинов IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, а также белков острой фазы С-реактивного белка, лактоферрина, ферритина в сыворотке крови определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа. Уровень а1- антитрипсина, гаптоглобина, церулоплазмина и с^-макроглобулина определяли турбидиметрическим методом. Статистическую обработку полученных данных проводили с использованием пакета прикладных программ «Statistica 6.0», достоверность различий между группами оценивали с использованием непараметрического U-критерия Манна-Уитни. Установлено, что в ранние сроки физиологической беременности увеличивается относительное содержание лимфоцитов, экспрессирующих ранние и поздние маркеры активации (CD23, CD69, HLA-DR, CD95, CD25, CD71), а также клеток, несущих молекулы адгезии (CD11Ь, CD54). Усиление функциональной активности иммунокомпетентных клеток проявляется повышением уровня провоспалительных цитокинов IL-1β IL-2, TNF-α, и белков острой фазы (С-реактивного белка, лактоферрина, церулоплазмина, α1 -антитрипсина и α2-макроглобулина). Повышение уровня IL-4 и белков острой фазы, обладающих антиоксидантным действием, отражает влияние факторов, ограничивающих системную активацию материнского организма. Таким образом, в ранние сроки беременности формируются признаки неспецифической воспалительной реакции: активация циркулирующих лейкоцитов в ответ на антигенную стимуляцию, экспрессия клетками иммунной системы маркеров адгезии, усиленная спонтанная выработка цитокинов и белков острой фазы. Реализация стрессорного ответа на антигены плода в адаптацию организма женщины к беременности происходит при состоятельности фетопротекторных стресслимитирующих механизмов

Absence of the Transition into Abrikosov Vortex State of Two-Dimensional Type-II Superconductor with Weak Pinning

The resistive properties of thin amorphous NbO_{x} films with weak pinning were investigated experimentally above and below the second critical field H_{c2}. As opposed to bulk type II superconductors with weak pinning where a sharp change of resistive properties at the transition into the Abrikosov state is observed at H_{c4}, some percent below H_{c2} (V.A.Marchenko and A.V.Nikulov, 1981), no qualitative change of resistive properties is observed down to a very low magnetic field, H_{c4} < 0.006 H_{c2}, in thin films with weak pinning. The smooth dependencies of the resistivity observed in these films can be described by paraconductivity theory both above and below H_{c2}. This means that the fluctuation superconducting state without phase coherence remains appreciably below H_{c2} in the two-dimensional superconductor with weak pinning. The difference the H_{c4}/H_{c2} values, i.e. position of the transition into the Abrikosov state, in three- and two-dimensional superconductors conforms to the Maki-Takayama result 1971 year according to which the Abrikosov solution 1957 year is valid only for a superconductor with finite dimensions. Because of the fluctuation this solution obtained in the mean field approximation is not valid in a relatively narrow region below H_{c2} for bulk superconductors with real dimensions and much below H_{c2} for thin films with real dimensions. The superconducting state without phase coherence should not be identified with the mythical vortex liquid because the vortex, as a singularity in superconducting state with phase coherence, can not exist without phase coherence.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Vibrational spectra and internal rotation of chlorophosphines

The present paper is devoted to the investigation of i.r. spectra (400-4000 cm-1) of ClCH2PCl2, C2H5PCl2, (C2H5)2PCl, Ph(C2H5)PCl in gaseous, liquid and crystalline states and of Raman spectra of ClCH2PCl2 and C2H5PCl2 in liquid state. The influence of temperature on i.r. spectra has been studied. The normal co-ordinate analysis of different conformers of CH3PCl2, ClCH2PCl2 and C2H5PCl2 has been carried out. The experimental material and normal co-ordinate analysis shows that in ClCH2PCl2, C2H5PCl2 and (C2H5)2PCl the internal rotation around the PC bond is possible and that these molecules are present in a liquid as a mixture of two rotational isomers. The terms Vk in the decomposition of potential energy of internal rotational into Fourier series has been evaluated in the approximation of the harmonic oscillator. © 1976

Vibrational spectra and internal rotation of chlorophosphines

The present paper is devoted to the investigation of i.r. spectra (400-4000 cm-1) of ClCH2PCl2, C2H5PCl2, (C2H5)2PCl, Ph(C2H5)PCl in gaseous, liquid and crystalline states and of Raman spectra of ClCH2PCl2 and C2H5PCl2 in liquid state. The influence of temperature on i.r. spectra has been studied. The normal co-ordinate analysis of different conformers of CH3PCl2, ClCH2PCl2 and C2H5PCl2 has been carried out. The experimental material and normal co-ordinate analysis shows that in ClCH2PCl2, C2H5PCl2 and (C2H5)2PCl the internal rotation around the PC bond is possible and that these molecules are present in a liquid as a mixture of two rotational isomers. The terms Vk in the decomposition of potential energy of internal rotational into Fourier series has been evaluated in the approximation of the harmonic oscillator. © 1976

Vibrational spectra and internal rotation of chlorophosphines

The present paper is devoted to the investigation of i.r. spectra (400-4000 cm-1) of ClCH2PCl2, C2H5PCl2, (C2H5)2PCl, Ph(C2H5)PCl in gaseous, liquid and crystalline states and of Raman spectra of ClCH2PCl2 and C2H5PCl2 in liquid state. The influence of temperature on i.r. spectra has been studied. The normal co-ordinate analysis of different conformers of CH3PCl2, ClCH2PCl2 and C2H5PCl2 has been carried out. The experimental material and normal co-ordinate analysis shows that in ClCH2PCl2, C2H5PCl2 and (C2H5)2PCl the internal rotation around the PC bond is possible and that these molecules are present in a liquid as a mixture of two rotational isomers. The terms Vk in the decomposition of potential energy of internal rotational into Fourier series has been evaluated in the approximation of the harmonic oscillator. © 1976