6 research outputs found
Vibrational spectra and internal rotation of chlorophosphines
The present paper is devoted to the investigation of i.r. spectra (400-4000 cm-1) of ClCH2PCl2, C2H5PCl2, (C2H5)2PCl, Ph(C2H5)PCl in gaseous, liquid and crystalline states and of Raman spectra of ClCH2PCl2 and C2H5PCl2 in liquid state. The influence of temperature on i.r. spectra has been studied. The normal co-ordinate analysis of different conformers of CH3PCl2, ClCH2PCl2 and C2H5PCl2 has been carried out. The experimental material and normal co-ordinate analysis shows that in ClCH2PCl2, C2H5PCl2 and (C2H5)2PCl the internal rotation around the PC bond is possible and that these molecules are present in a liquid as a mixture of two rotational isomers. The terms Vk in the decomposition of potential energy of internal rotational into Fourier series has been evaluated in the approximation of the harmonic oscillator. Β© 1976
Nonspecific inflammatory reaction in early terms of pregnancy: from supposition to evidence
The purpose of research: to estimate features of a nonspecific inflammatory response in early terms of pregnancy. The immunologic inspection of peripheral blood 19 women reproductive age in 4-6 weeks of gestation is carried out, the group of comparison was made by 20 nonpregnant women. Number of activation markers CD23, CD25, CD38, CD69, CD71, CD95, HLA-DR and adhesion molecules CD11 b, CD11 c, CD54 expressed cells was estimated by flow cytometry. Level of cytokines IL-1Ξ², IL-2, IL-4, IL- 6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-Ξ²Ξ± and concentration of acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein, lactoferrin, ferritin in serum of blood was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Level of a 1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, gaptoglobin and aj-macroglobulin was determined by the turbidimetric method. Statistical data analysis was carred out with use of an application package Β«Statistica 6.0Β», the reliability of distinctions between groups was estimated by use the nonparametric U-Mann-Whitney criterion. It has been found that in early terms of physiological pregnancy increase percentage of early and late activation markers expressed lymphocyte (CD23+, CD69+, HLA-DR+, CD95+, CD25+, CD71 +) and rate of adhesion molecules carryd cells (CD11 b+, CD54+). Increase functional activity of immune cells is accompanied by increase of a serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1Ξ², IL-2, TNF-Ξ± and acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein, lactoferrin, ceruloplasmin, Ξ±1-antitrypsin and Ξ±2-macroglobulin). Increase of production antiΒinflammatory mediator IL-4 and antioxidative acute phase proteins is reflection of protective factors influence, which limit systemic activation of maternal organism. Consequently early terms of physiological pregnancy are characterized by signs of a nonspecific inflammatory reaction: activation of circulating leucocytes in response to fetal antigenic stimulation, expression on immune cells adhesion molecules, spontaneous hyperproduction of cytokines and elevated concentration of acute phase proteins in serum. Realization of stress response to fetal antigens to adaptation of maternal organism to pregnancy take place in case of functioning of fetoprotective and stresslimited mechanisms.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ 19 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 4 -6 Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 20 Π½Π΅Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ: CD23, CD25, CD38, CD69, CD71, CD95, HLA-DR, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ CD11 b, CD11Ρ, CD54. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² IL-1Ξ², IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-Ξ±, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π‘-ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°, Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π°1- Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°, Π³Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Ρ^-ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ Β«Statistica 6.0Β», Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ U-ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°-Π£ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (CD23, CD69, HLA-DR, CD95, CD25, CD71), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ (CD11Π¬, CD54). Π£ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² IL-1Ξ² IL-2, TNF-Ξ±, ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ (Π‘-ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°, Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°, Ξ±1 -Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Ξ±2-ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°). ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ IL-4 ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ: Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ. Π Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΊ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²
Absence of the Transition into Abrikosov Vortex State of Two-Dimensional Type-II Superconductor with Weak Pinning
The resistive properties of thin amorphous NbO_{x} films with weak pinning
were investigated experimentally above and below the second critical field
H_{c2}. As opposed to bulk type II superconductors with weak pinning where a
sharp change of resistive properties at the transition into the Abrikosov state
is observed at H_{c4}, some percent below H_{c2} (V.A.Marchenko and
A.V.Nikulov, 1981), no qualitative change of resistive properties is observed
down to a very low magnetic field, H_{c4} < 0.006 H_{c2}, in thin films with
weak pinning. The smooth dependencies of the resistivity observed in these
films can be described by paraconductivity theory both above and below H_{c2}.
This means that the fluctuation superconducting state without phase coherence
remains appreciably below H_{c2} in the two-dimensional superconductor with
weak pinning. The difference the H_{c4}/H_{c2} values, i.e. position of the
transition into the Abrikosov state, in three- and two-dimensional
superconductors conforms to the Maki-Takayama result 1971 year according to
which the Abrikosov solution 1957 year is valid only for a superconductor with
finite dimensions. Because of the fluctuation this solution obtained in the
mean field approximation is not valid in a relatively narrow region below
H_{c2} for bulk superconductors with real dimensions and much below H_{c2} for
thin films with real dimensions. The superconducting state without phase
coherence should not be identified with the mythical vortex liquid because the
vortex, as a singularity in superconducting state with phase coherence, can not
exist without phase coherence.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Vibrational spectra and internal rotation of chlorophosphines
The present paper is devoted to the investigation of i.r. spectra (400-4000 cm-1) of ClCH2PCl2, C2H5PCl2, (C2H5)2PCl, Ph(C2H5)PCl in gaseous, liquid and crystalline states and of Raman spectra of ClCH2PCl2 and C2H5PCl2 in liquid state. The influence of temperature on i.r. spectra has been studied. The normal co-ordinate analysis of different conformers of CH3PCl2, ClCH2PCl2 and C2H5PCl2 has been carried out. The experimental material and normal co-ordinate analysis shows that in ClCH2PCl2, C2H5PCl2 and (C2H5)2PCl the internal rotation around the PC bond is possible and that these molecules are present in a liquid as a mixture of two rotational isomers. The terms Vk in the decomposition of potential energy of internal rotational into Fourier series has been evaluated in the approximation of the harmonic oscillator. Β© 1976
Vibrational spectra and internal rotation of chlorophosphines
The present paper is devoted to the investigation of i.r. spectra (400-4000 cm-1) of ClCH2PCl2, C2H5PCl2, (C2H5)2PCl, Ph(C2H5)PCl in gaseous, liquid and crystalline states and of Raman spectra of ClCH2PCl2 and C2H5PCl2 in liquid state. The influence of temperature on i.r. spectra has been studied. The normal co-ordinate analysis of different conformers of CH3PCl2, ClCH2PCl2 and C2H5PCl2 has been carried out. The experimental material and normal co-ordinate analysis shows that in ClCH2PCl2, C2H5PCl2 and (C2H5)2PCl the internal rotation around the PC bond is possible and that these molecules are present in a liquid as a mixture of two rotational isomers. The terms Vk in the decomposition of potential energy of internal rotational into Fourier series has been evaluated in the approximation of the harmonic oscillator. Β© 1976
Vibrational spectra and internal rotation of chlorophosphines
The present paper is devoted to the investigation of i.r. spectra (400-4000 cm-1) of ClCH2PCl2, C2H5PCl2, (C2H5)2PCl, Ph(C2H5)PCl in gaseous, liquid and crystalline states and of Raman spectra of ClCH2PCl2 and C2H5PCl2 in liquid state. The influence of temperature on i.r. spectra has been studied. The normal co-ordinate analysis of different conformers of CH3PCl2, ClCH2PCl2 and C2H5PCl2 has been carried out. The experimental material and normal co-ordinate analysis shows that in ClCH2PCl2, C2H5PCl2 and (C2H5)2PCl the internal rotation around the PC bond is possible and that these molecules are present in a liquid as a mixture of two rotational isomers. The terms Vk in the decomposition of potential energy of internal rotational into Fourier series has been evaluated in the approximation of the harmonic oscillator. Β© 1976