Технологические решения для строительства разведочной наклонно-направленной скважины на целевой пласт ЮВ1 нефтяного месторождения

Целью данной выпускной квалификационной работы является разработка оптимальных технологических решений для строительства горизонтальной скважины глубиной 2658 м на нефтяном месторождении Тюменской области. Проект состоит из решений, которые включают в себе все основные сферы: технологической, обслуживающей, экономической, безопасности труда и охраны окружающей средыThe aim of this final qualification work is to develop optimal technological solutions for the construction of a horizontal well with a depth of 2658 m at an oil field in the Tyumen region. The project consists of solutions that include all the main areas: technological, service, economic, labor safety and environmental protectio

Исследование состава и свойств нефтей месторождений Западной Сибири

В данной работе выполнены исследования в области состава и свойств высокопарафинистых нефтей месторождений Западной Сибири. Цель работы: исследование физико-химических свойств нефти со временем эксплуатации скважин месторождений Западной Сибири, для выбора наиболее выгодного метода транспортировки. Для достижения поставленной цели изучили химический состав, промысловую подготовку нефти, рассмотрели проблемы, возникающие при перекачке и способы транспортировки парафинистой нефти, исследовали изменение физико – химических свойств парафинистых нефтей Верхне-Салатского месторождения эксплуатационной скважины № 123.The purpose of the work: study of changes in physical and chemical properties of oil over the time of operation of wells of fields of Western Siberia, in order to choose the most profitable method of transportation. In order to achieve this goal, the chemical composition, field preparation of oil were studied, problems arising during pumping and methods of transportation of paraffinic oil were considered, changes in physical and chemical properties of paraffinic oils of the Verkhne-Salatskoye field of production well No. 123 were investigated

Generation and characterization of standardized forms of trehalose dihydrate and their associated solid-state behavior

Trehalose dihydrate is a nonreducing disaccharide which has generated great interest in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, it is well recognized that considerable batch to batch variation exists for supposedly identical samples, particularly in terms of the thermal response. In this investigation, two standardized forms of trehalose dihydrate were generated using two distinct crystallization pathways. The two batches were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and FTIR. The thermal responses of the two forms were then studied using modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In particular, we describe the technique of quasi-isothermal MTDSC as a means of studying the change in equilibrium heat capacity as a function of temperature. Finally, variable temperature FTIR was utilized to assess the change in bonding configuration as a function of temperature. SEM revealed significant differences in the continuity and grain structure of the two batches. The TGA, MTDSC, and quasi-isothermal MTDSC studies all indicated significant differences in the thermal response and water loss profile. This was confirmed using variable temperature FTIR which indicated differences in bond reconfiguration as a function of temperature. We ascribe these differences to variations in the route by which water may leave the structure, possibly associated with grain size. The study has therefore demonstrated that chemically identical dihydrate forms may show significant differences in thermal response. We believe that this may assist in interpreting and hence controlling interbatch variation for this material

Iron -nickel alloy phase transformations and metal -silicate reactions in low shock, highly equilibrated ordinary chondrites

The iron-nickel alloy phase transformations and metal-silicate reactions that occurred in relatively unshocked, types 4–6 ordinary chondrites were investigated using several approaches. Laboratory cooling experiments were used to study kamacite nucleation and growth during cooling. When polycrystalline taenite cools to temperatures of kamacite stability, kamacite allotriomorphs form at the taenite grain boundaries. If the taenite is phosphorus-saturated, intragranular (Widmanstatten) kamacite needles will form after small amounts of undercooling. However, phosphorus-free alloys will undercool more than 200°C without forming intragranular kamacite precipitates. A monocrystalline, phosphorus-free taenite particle will remain homogeneous as it cools through the taenite + kamacite field and will transform to martensite without a composition change. Metallographic techniques were used to study the microstructures and phase compositions of metal particles in relatively unshocked ordinary chondrites. Chondritic metal particles had widely varying bulk compositions after chondrite aggregation, but experienced intergrain homogenization and taenite grain growth during prograde and peak temperature metamorphism. Taenite grain growth was extensive in types 5 and 6 ordinary chondrites, resulting in many monocrystalline taenite particles. The phase transformations that occurred during cooling depended on whether taenite (phosphorus-poor) was polycrystalline or monocrystalline. Polycrystalline taenite particles experienced small amounts of undercooling within the taenite + kamacite field and transformed to “zoned taenite + kamacite particles” by the diffusion-controlled reaction, taenite → taenite + kamacite. Monocrystalline taenite particles experienced more than 200°C of undercooling; they remained homogeneous and metastable (iron-supersaturated) during cooling. The monocrystalline taenite particles cooled below the martensite-start temperature, and transformed to “zoneless plessite particles” by the taenite → martensite → tetrataenite + kamacite reaction. The occurrence of zoned taenite + kamacite particles and zoneless plessite particles within the same ordinary chondrite is compatible with cold accretion followed by prograde and retrograde metamorphism. The importance of metal-silicate reactions in ordinary chondrites was investigated by analyzing olivine crystals near olivine-metal interfaces. Olivine fayalite concentrations decrease by approximately 2 mole % near zoned taenite + kamacite particles, and increase by approximately 2 mole % near zoneless plessite particles. Chemical thermodynamic modeling shows that silicate-metal reactions occurred during slow cooling due to variable amounts of taenite undercooling