The consumption response to positive and negative income shocks

A set of newly added questions in the 2011 to 2014 Bank of England/NMG Consulting Survey reveals that British households tend to change their consumption by significantly more in reaction to temporary and unanticipated falls in income than to rises of the same size. Household balance sheet characteristics such as high debt-to-income ratios and small liquidity buffers, concerns about credit market access and higher subjective risk of lower future income account for a sizable share of this spending asymmetry. Our findings have important implications for predicting the response of aggregate consumption to expansionary and contractionary macroeconomic policies

Archeota, Fall/Winter 2021

Archeota is a platform for SJSU iSchool students to contribute to the archival conversation. It is written BY students, FOR students. It provides substantive content on archival concerns and issues, and promotes professional development in the field of archival studies. Archeota upholds the core values of the archival profession. Contents: A Brief History of Kanaka Oiwi Archives: Internship at the Hula Preservation Society by Marcus Opunui Ortiz The Fascinating and Macabre Art of Anthropodermic Bibliopegy: A Book Review of Dark Archives by Katie Perry Building an Archive of Local History: Internship at the Convent and Stuart Hall School by Jennifer Pesek Archiving the Immigrant Experience: Internship at the Scandinavian American Cultural and Historical Foundation by Erin Sommers Introducing SJSU iSchool Student Sophia Bogle: Book Conservator, Educator, Author, Lifelong Learner by Heather Reinold ARCHIVES * RECORDS 2021: 85th Annual Meeting of the Society of American Archivist by Sereen Suleiman An Interview with Heather Reinold: Meet the Newest Member of the Archeota Team by Kelli Roisman Spartan Daily Newspaper Archives: A Look Back at One Day in 1950 by Kelli Roisman Event Information for the Society of American Archivists Student Chapter at SJSU: October 19, 2021 Virtual Event: ONE Archives at USC Libraries Virtual Event with Loni A. Shibuyama, ONE Archives Archivist & Librarian November 3, 2021 Virtual Event: J. Paul Getty Trust Institutional Records & Archives Virtual Event with Jennifer Thompson, Records Analyst & Archivist December 7, 2021 Virtual Event: Exploring Career Options and Charting Your Path with Cyndi Shein, Head of Special Collections & Archives Technical Services, University of Nevada, Las Vegas Archives February 15, 2022 Virtual Event: Celebrating African American History: SJSU’s Civil Rights and Campus Protest Collection with Craig Simpson, Director of Special Collections & Archives at SJSU Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Library March 15, 2022 Virtual Event: The Writer’s Guild Foundation with Hillary Swett, Archivist April 20, 2022 Virtual Event: Labriola National American Indian Data Center with Alexander Soto, Curator/Librarianhttps://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/saasc_archeota/1014/thumbnail.jp

Diagnostic accuracy of evaluation of suspected syncope in the emergency department:usual practice vs. ESC guidelines

Background: Syncope is a frequent reason for referral to the emergency department. After excluding a potentially life-threatening condition, the second objective is to find the cause of syncope. The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the treating physician in usual practice and to compare this to the diagnostic accuracy of a standardised evaluation, consisting of thorough history taking and physical examination by a research physician. Methods: This prospective cohort study included suspected (pre) syncope patients without an identified serious underlying condition who were assessed in the emergency department. Patients were initially seen by the initial treating physician and the usual evaluation was performed. A research physician, blinded to the findings of the initial treating physician, then performed a standardised evaluation according to the ESC syncope guidelines. Diagnostic accuracy (proportion of correct diagnoses) was determined by expert consensus after long-term follow-up. Results: One hundred and one suspected (pre) syncope patients were included (mean age 59 ± 20 years). The usual practice of the initial treating physicians did not in most cases follow ESC syncope guidelines, with orthostatic blood pressure measurements made in only 40% of the patients. Diagnostic accuracy by the initial treating physicians was 65% (95% CI 56-74%), while standardised evaluation resulted in a diagnostic accuracy of 80% (95% CI 71-87%; p = 0.009). No life-threatening causes were missed. Conclusions: Usual practice of the initial treating physician resulted in a diagnostic accuracy of 65%, while standardised practice, with an emphasis on thorough history taking, increased diagnostic accuracy to 80%. Results suggest that the availability of additional resources does not result in a higher diagnostic accuracy than standardised evaluation, and that history taking is the most important diagnostic test in suspected syncope patients. Netherlands Trial Registration: NTR5651. Registered 29 January 2016, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/553

Orthostatic blood pressure recovery patterns in suspected syncope in the emergency department

INTRODUCTION: Orthostasis is a frequent trigger for (pre)syncope but some forms of orthostatic (pre)syncope have a worse prognosis than others. Routine assessment of orthostatic BP in the ED can detect classic orthostatic hypotension, but often misses these other forms of orthostatic (pre)syncope. This study aimed to determine the frequency of abnormal orthostatic BP recovery patterns in patients with (pre)syncope by using continuous non-invasive BP monitoring. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study in suspected patients with (pre)syncope in the ED of a tertiary care teaching hospital between January and August 2014. Orthostatic BP was measured during the active lying-to-standing test with Nexfin, a continuous non-invasive finger arterial pressure measurement device. Orthostatic BP recovery patterns were defined as normal BP recovery, initial orthostatic hypotension, delayed BP recovery, classic orthostatic hypotension and reflex-mediated hypotension. RESULTS: Of 116 patients recruited, measurements in 111 patients (age 63 years, 51% male) were suitable for analysis. Classic orthostatic hypotension was the most prevalent abnormal BP pattern (19%), but only half of the patients received a final diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension. Initial orthostatic hypotension and delayed BP recovery were present in 20% of the patients with (pre)syncope of whom 45% were diagnosed as unexplained syncope. Reflex-mediated hypotension was present in 4% of the patients. CONCLUSION: Continuous non-invasive BP measurement can potentially identify more specific and concerning causes of orthostatic (pre)syncope. Correct classification is important because of different short-term and long-term clinical implications

Life Expectancy in a Large Cohort of Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated in Primary Care (ZODIAC-10)

Background: Most longitudinal studies showed increased relative mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus until now. As a result of major changes in treatment regimes over the past years, with more stringent goals for metabolic control and cardiovascular risk management, improvement of life expectancy should be expected. In our study, we aimed to assess present-day life expectancy of type 2 diabetes patients in an ongoing cohort study. Methodology and Principal Findings: We included 973 primary care type 2 diabetes patients in a prospective cohort study, who were all participating in a shared care project in The Netherlands. Vital status was assessed from May 2001 till May 2007. Main outcome measurement was life expectancy assessed by transforming actual survival time to standardised survival time allowing adjustment for the baseline mortality rate of the general population. At baseline, mean age was 66 years, mean HbA(1c) 7.0%. During a median follow-up of 5.4 years, 165 patients died (78 from cardiovascular causes), and 17 patients were lost to follow-up. There were no differences in life expectancy in subjects with type 2 diabetes compared to life expectancy in the general population. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, concentrating on the endpoints 'all-cause' and cardiovascular mortality, a history of cardiovascular disease: hazard ratio (HR) 1.71 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23-2.37), and HR 2.59 (95% CI 1.56-4.28); and albuminuria: HR 1.72 (95% CI 1.26-2.35), and HR 1.83 (95% CI 1.17-2.89), respectively, were significant predictors, whereas smoking, HbA(1c), systolic blood pressure and diabetes duration were not. Conclusions: This study shows a normal life expectancy in a cohort of subjects with type 2 diabetes patients in primary care when compared to the general population. A history of cardiovascular disease and albuminuria, however, increased the risk of a reduction of life expectancy. These results show that, in a shared care environment, a normal life expectancy is achievable in type 2 diabetes patients

Absorption and distribution of etoricoxib in plasma, CSF, and wound tissue in patients following hip surgery—a pilot study

The perioperative administration of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-inhibitors to avoid postoperative pain is an attractive option: they show favorable gastro-intestinal tolerability, lack inhibition of blood coagulation, and carry a low risk of asthmatic attacks. The purpose of this study was to determine the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, and tissue pharmacokinetics of orally administered etoricoxib and to compare it with effect data, i.e., COX-2-inhibition in patients after hip surgery. The study was performed in a blinded, randomized, parallel group design. A total of 12 adult patients were included who received 120 mg etoricoxib (n = 8) or placebo (n = 4) on day 1 post-surgery. Samples from plasma, CSF, and tissue exudates were collected over a period of 24 h post-dosing and analyzed for etoricoxib and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and immuno-assay techniques. CSF area under the curve (AUC) [AUCs(O–24h)] for etoricoxib amounted to about 5% of the total AUC in plasma (range: 2–7%). Individual CSF lag times with respect to (50%) peak plasma concentration were ≤2 h in all but one case (median: 1 h). PGE2 production in tissue was significantly blocked by the COX-2 inhibitor starting with the appearance of etoricoxib in tissue and lasting for the whole observation period of 24 h (P < 0.01). In conclusion, etoricoxib reaches the CSF and site of surgery at effective concentrations and reduces PGE2 production at the presumed site of action