External bulb variable volume maser

A maser functioning as a frequency standard stable to one part in 10 to the 14th power includes a variable volume, constant surface area storage bulb having a fixed volume portion located in a resonant cavity from which the frequency standard is derived. A variable volume portion of the bulb, exterior to the resonant cavity, has a maximum volume on the same order of magnitude as the fixed volume bulb portion. The cavity has a length to radius ratio of at least 3:1 so that the operation is attained without the need for a feedback loop. A baffle plate, between the fixed and variable volume bulb portions, includes apertures for enabling hydrogen atoms to pass between the two bulb portions and is an electromagnetic shield that prevents coupling of the electromagnetic field of the cavity into the variable volume bulb portion

A picture of the Yang-Mills deconfinement transition and its lattice verification

In the framework of the center vortex picture of confinement, the nature of the deconfining phase transition is studied. Using recently developed techniques which allow to associate a center vortex configuration with any given lattice gauge configuration, it is demonstrated that the confining phase is a phase in which vortices percolate, whereas the deconfined phase is a phase in which vortices cease to percolate if one considers an appropriate slice of space-time.Comment: 9 pages, 3 ps figures included via epsfig; invited talk presented by M. Engelhardt at the Eleventh International Light-Cone Workshop on "New directions in Quantum Chromodynamics", Kyungju, Korea, 21.-25.6.99, to appear in the proceeding

The Path Integral for 1+1-dimensional QCD

We derive a path integral expression for the transition amplitude in 1+1-dimensional QCD starting from canonically quantized QCD. Gauge fixing after quantization leads to a formulation in terms of gauge invariant but curvilinear variables. Remainders of the curved space are Jacobians, an effective potential, and sign factors just as for the problem of a particle in a box. Based on this result we derive a Faddeev-Popov like expression for the transition amplitude avoiding standard infinities that are caused by integrations over gauge equivalent configurations.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, 3 PostScript figures, uses epsf.st

Interaction of confining vortices in SU(2) lattice gauge theory

Center projection of SU(2) lattice gauge theory allows to isolate magnetic vortices as confining configurations. The vortex density scales according to the renormalization group, implying that the vortices are physical objects rather than lattice artifacts. Here, the binary correlations between points at which vortices pierce a given plane are investigated. We find an attractive interaction between the vortices. The correlations show the correct scaling behavior and are therefore physical. The range of the interaction is found to be (0.4 +/- 0.2) fm, which should be compared with the average planar vortex density of approximately 2 vortices/fm^2. We comment on the implications of these results for recent discussions of the Casimir scaling behavior of higher dimensional representation Wilson loops in the vortex confinement picture.Comment: 9 pages LaTeX, 2 ps figures included via eps

Nanosecond time transfer via shuttle laser ranging experiment

A method is described to use a proposed shuttle laser ranging experiment to transfer time with nanosecond precision. All that need be added to the original experiment are low cost ground stations and an atomic clock on the shuttle. It is shown that global time transfer can be accomplished with 1 ns precision and transfer up to distances of 2000 km can be accomplished with better than 100 ps precision

Distributed Interactive Audio Devices: Creative strategies and audience responses to novel musical interaction scenarios

With the rise of ubiquitous computing, comes new possibilities for experiencing audio, visual and tactile media in distributed and situated forms, disrupting modes of media experience that have been relatively stable for decades. We present the Distributed Interactive Audio Devices (DIADs) project, a set of experimental interventions to explore future ubiquitous computing design spaces in which electronic sound is presented as distributed, interactive and portable. The DIAD system is intended for creative sound and music performance and interaction, yet it does not conform to traditional concepts of musical performance, suggesting instead a fusion of music performance and other forms of collaborative digital interaction. We describe the thinking behind the project, the state of the DIAD system’s technical development, and our experiences working with userinteraction in lab-based and public performance scenarios

On scale symmetry breaking and confinement in D=3 models

Within the framework of the gauge-invariant, but path-dependent, variables formalism, we study the connection between scale symmetry breaking and confinement in three-dimensional gluodynamics. We explicitly show that the static potential profile contains a linear potential, leading to the confinement of static charges. Also, we establish a new type of equivalence among different three-dimensional effective theories.Comment: 6 pages, references adde

Russian Science Diplomacy at a Crossroads

Nowadays science diplomacy tends to be one of most relevant and important fields of applied research in International Relations. In general, it can be regarded as a functional expression of both foreign and science policy conducted by states and non-state actors on the world arena. The emergence of the modern concept of science diplomacy has been taking place since the second half of the 2000s and is basically linked to a close intertwining of research and diplomatic practices. Still, most of the existing research works in the above area both in Russia and abroad can be described as somewhat fragmentary and focusing on specific case studies without providing a holistic picture of national science diplomacy models, including the Russian one. Considering this, the author of the article casts light upon the key features of the Russian science diplomacy complex based on a systematic approach and looks into its three main elements, i.e. "science in diplomacy", "diplomacy for science" and "science for diplomacy". In this context, he analyses the activity of the Russian science diplomacy main stakeholders in positive (how it is) and normative (how it should or could be) terms. The synthesis of the respective results reveals structural drawbacks of the system in question, which in 2020 have become even more acute than they used to be before. However, the outlined trends and tendencies infer that the ongoing pandemic did hardly bring on new problems, but can rather be seen as a catalyst for processes, which have already been witnessed in this field. Working from these premises, the author formulates a number of concrete and applicable policy recommendations aimed at optimizing the current practices, which might potentially be of use for decision-makers in Russian science and foreign affairs