3,494 research outputs found
Equality of multiplicity free skew characters
In this paper we show that two skew diagrams lambda/mu and alpha/beta can
represent the same multiplicity free skew character [lambda/mu]=[alpha/beta]
only in the the trivial cases when lambda/mu and alpha/beta are the same up to
translation or rotation or if lambda=alpha is a staircase partition
lambda=(l,l-1,...,2,1) and lambda/mu and alpha/beta are conjugate of each
other.Comment: 16 pages, changes from v1 to v2: corrected the proof of Theorem 3.5
and some typos, changes from v2 to v3: minor layout change, enumeration
changed, to appear in J. Algebraic Combi
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European industrial energy intensity: innovation, environmental regulation, and price effects
We investigate the direct role of technological innovation and other factors influencing industrial energy intensity across 17 EU countries over 1995–2009. We develop an innovative industry-level patent dataset and find compelling evidence that patent stock negatively influences industrial energy intensity. In particular, we find a much stronger effect of patent stock on energy-intensive industries with an estimated coefficient of -0.138 which almost double that of less energy-intensive industries (estimated at -0.085). While our results show that energy price remains the major determinant of energy intensity, the chemicals industry, which is not covered by the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) during the sample period, appears more susceptible to energy prices relative to other energy-intensive industries that are covered by the EU ETS. Exploring regional differences in carbon taxation, we find a significant decline in energy intensity in Northern Europe owing to the carbon tax policy implemented in the early 1990s across the Nordic countries.EPSRC EP/N024567/
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European Industrial Energy Intensity: The Role of Innovation 1995-2009
We investigate the direct role of technological innovation and other influencing factors on industry-level energy intensity based on a sample of 12 industries across 17 EU countries over 1995–2009. We develop an innovative industry-level patent dataset and find compelling evidence that patent stock negatively influences industrial energy intensity. Using a fixed effects estimator, we find a much stronger effect on energy-intensive industries with an estimated coefficient of -0.138 almost double that of less energy-intensive industries (estimated at -0.085). While our results show energy price remains the major determinant of energy intensity, the chemicals industry appears to be more susceptible to energy prices relative to other energy-intensive industries that are covered by the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). Our study reveals that asymmetric response of energy intensity to energy prices in which price rises between 2004 and 2008 accounts for more change in efficiency than when prices fall. We also explore regional differences, notably that carbon tax policy in Northern European countries, which began in the early 1990s, is responsible for a significant fraction of the decline in energy intensity in Northern Europe
On principal hook length partitions and durfee sizes in skew characters
In this paper we construct for a given arbitrary skew diagram A all
partitions nu with maximal principal hook lengths among all partitions with the
character [nu] appearing in the skew character [A]. Furthermore we show that
these are also partitions with minimal Durfee size. This we use to give the
maximal Durfee size for [nu] appearing in [A] for the cases when A decays into
two partitions and for some special cases of A. Also this gives conditions for
two skew diagrams to represent the same skew character.Comment: 13 pages, minor changes from v1 to v2 as suggested by the referee, to
appear in Annals. Com
Mehanizam toksičnosti i detoksikacije organofosfornih spojeva s naglaskom na istraživanja u Hrvatskoj
This review comprises studies on the mechanisms of toxicity and detoxication of organophosphorus (OP) compounds done in Croatia in different research areas. One area is the synthesis of antidotes against OP poisoning and their in vivo testing in experimental animals. In vitro studies included in this review focus on the mechanisms of reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), protection of cholinesterases from inhibition by OPs, and reactivation of phosphylated cholinesterases. The third area comprises distribution profiles of BChE and paraoxonase (PON) phenotypes in selected population groups and the detection of OPs and metabolites in humans. Finally, methods are described for the detection of OP compounds in human blood and other media by means of cholinesterase inhibitionPrikazana su istraživanja vođena u Hrvatskoj na različitim područjima mehanizma toksičnosti i detoksikacije organofosfornih (OP) spojeva. Jedno je područje sinteza antidota protiv otrovanja OP spojevima i testiranje in vivo antidota na eksperimentalnim životinjama. Istraživanja in vitro odnose se na mehanizam reverzibilne inhibicije acetilkolinesteraze (AChE) i buturilkolinesteraze (BChE), zaštitu kolinesteraza od inhibicije OP spojevima te reaktivaciju fosfiliranih kolinesteraza. Treće je područje distribucija fenotipova BChE i paraoksonaze (PON) u odabranim populacijama te detekcija OP spojeva i njihovih metabolita u ljudima. Na kraju su opisane metode detekcije OP spojeva u ljudskoj krvi i drugim medijima koje se osnivaju na inhibiciji kolinesteraza
Inhibition of Cholinesterases by the Oximes P2AM and Toxogonin
The reversible inhibition of electric eel acetylcholinesterase
(EC 3.1.1.7) by P2AM (2-(hydroxyimino)methyl-1-methyl-pyridinium
chloride) and Toxogonin (1,1\u27-[oxybis(methylene)] bis(4-(hydroxyimino)
methyl-pyridinium) dichloride) was studied using ac.etylthiocholine
as substrate. Two techniques were applied for
measuring acetylthiocholine hydrolysis, the conventional spectrophotometric
and the stopped-flow (at 25 °c in 100 mM phosphate
buffer pH = 7.4).
The correlation between the degree of inhibition, and acetylthiocholine
and oxime concentrations fits a theoretical model which
postulates that the substrate and the inhibitor bind to two sites on
the enzyme: the catalytic site and an allosteric, substrate-inhibition,
site. The calculated dissociation constants for the two sites
are: 0.13 and 0.76 mM for P2AM, and 0.16 and 2.0 mM for Toxogonin.
The suggested model is an alternative to the hypothesis that
two types of binding occur within the catalytic site.
Horse serum cholinesterase and bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase
are also inhibited by P2AM and Toxogonin to about
the same degree as the electric eel enzyme.
Acetylthiocholine reacts with P2AM and Toxogonin; assuming
that the reaction is bimolecular the corresponding rate constants
are 13.4 and 22.4 M-1 min-
Reflection factorizations of Singer cycles
Abstract. The number of shortest factorizations into reflections for a Singer cycle inGLn(Fq) is shown to be (q n − 1) n−1. Formulas counting factorizations of any length, and counting those with reflections of fixed conjugacy classes are also given. Résumé. Nous prouvons que le nombre de factorisations de longueur minimale d’un cycle de Singer dans GLn(Fq) comme un produit de réflexions est (q n −1) n−1. Nous présentons aussi des formules donnant le nombre de factorisations de toutes les longueurs ainsi que des formules pour le nombre de factorisations comme produit de réflexions ayant des classes de conjugaison fixes
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